Anatomy and Physiology

cell

basic unit of life

cilla

organelle that moves fluid

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Makes proteins

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

makes lipids

mitochondria

makes energy from food/glucose

Golgi apparatus

sorts, packages, and ships cell products

Lysosomes

contain digestive enzymes

Nucleus

has genetic material

Nucleolus

makes ribosomes

Cell membrane

controls what enters and leaves the cell

Chromosome

has DNA with genes for our traits

Passive transport

Transport of molecules that does not require ATP

Active transport

Transport that requires ATP

Simple diffusion

moves molecules with the concentration gradient (low to high)

Molecular pump

movement oif molecules against the concentration gradient (high to low)

Osmosis

Movement of water only across cell membrane

Hypertonic

Solute concentration in solution is greater than inside the cell

Hypotonic

Solute concentration in the solution is less than inside the cell

Isotonic

Solute concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane

Facilitated diffusion

uses protein channel with the concentration gradient

Endocytosis

using vesicles to move molecules into the cell

Exocytosis

using vesicles to move molecules out of the cell

Integumentary

skin, hair, nails; barrier for the body

skeletal

bones for the framework of the body

muscle

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac are types of muscle

digestive

breaks down and absorbs nutrients in the body

cardiovascular

made up of heart, vessels, blood

respiratory

exchange of O2 and CO2 in the lungs

endocrine system

makes up hormones that travel in blood to target

reproductive

produce offspring

immune and lymphatic

protects body from pathogens

nervous

responds to stimuli and controls a body response

excretory

removes the toxins and waste from the blood

sagittal

divides the body into the left and right

mid-sagittal/median

divides the body into the left and right down the midline

parasagittal

divides the body into the left and right off the midline

frontal/coronal

divides the body into anterior and posterior

transverse

divides the body into superior and inferior

axial

head, neck, or trunk

appendicular

appendages/limbs

superior/cranial

toward upper part of body; above

inferior/caudal

toward lower part of body; below

anterior/ventral

toward or at front of body

posterior/dorsal

toward or at back of body

medial

toward or at midline of body

lateral

away from midline of body

intermediate

in between lateral and medial

proximal

closer to the point where the limb attaches to the body trunk

distal

farther from point where limb attaches to trunk

Superficial/external

toward or at body surface

deep/internal

away from body surface

antebrachial

forearm/arm

gluteal

region of the buttocks

epithelial tissue

lines body cavities and covers bodys surface

connective tissue

most common tissue; functions in insulation and protection

muscle tissue

main tissue responsible for movement

nervous tissue

functions in response to stimuli, communication, and control

adipose tissue

storage of fat