Pharmaceutical Microbiology: Lecture 1: The Microbial World

:c this is going to be a pain in the ass to make isn't it

Infectious diseases are only caused by living agents (True/False)

False; living and non-living agents

__________ are ‘rogue’ pathogenic protein molecules

Prions

__________ are non-living pathogens consisting of nucleic acid and protein that have no cellular structure

Viruses

__________ represent the simplest living cells

Bacteria

Most __________ and __________, two types of organism considered more complex than bacteria, can exhibit sexual reproduction

Fungi; Protozoa

Protozoa are regarded as important contaminants and spoilage organisms in manufactured medicines (True/False)

False; Fungi

Protozoa are only of pharmaceutical interest as pathogens (True/False)

True

Relatively few fungi are pathogenic (True/False)

True

Which of the following is a cellular eukaryote:

i: Archaea

ii: Protozoa

iii: Algae

iv: Cyanobacteria

Protozoa

Which of the following is a cellular prokaryote:

i: Archaea

ii: Protozoa

iii: Algae

iv: Fungi

Archaea

All of the following are acellular microbes except:

i: Viroids

ii: Prions

iii: Viruses

None of the above

Which of the following cell types is characterized by having no cell wall:

i: Animals

ii: Protozoa

iii: Mycoplasma species

All of the above

Which of the following cell types is characterized by having cell wall:

i: Plants
ii: Algae
iii: Fungi

All of the above

No pathogenic __________ have been found yet

Archaea

All Viruses contain either a single stranded RNA or double stranded DNA nucleic acid core (True/False)

False; single stranded or double stranded DNA or RNA

Viruses can infect any of the following except:

i: Animals

ii: Plants

iii: Protozoa

iv: Bacteria

All of the above

Viruses vary in which of the following:

i: size

ii: structure

iii: nucleic acid core

All of the above

Viruses can only grow and replicate by infecting a host cell

True

The host range of viruses is usually __________

very narrow

__________ are relatively susceptible to heat and organic solvents so they are unlikely to arise in materials like gelatin

Viruses

Viruses are unaffected by antibiotics (True/False)

True

__________ represent the simplest infectious agents

Prions

Which of the following statements about Prions are true:

i: Prions are incorrectly folded proteins that induce structural changes in other proteins

ii: Prions are similar to viruses in that they have no cellular structure and no nucleic acids

iii: Prions are particularly stable and difficult to inactivate

All of the above

All of the following are diseases cause by prions except:

i: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

ii: Huntington's Disease

iii: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease

ii only

Which of the following statements about bacteria and mammalian cells are true:
i: Bacteria reproduce asexually whereas mammals exhibit sexual reproduction
ii: Genetic variation in both bacteria and mammalian cells mainly depends on mutation
iii: Both bacteria and mammalian cells take many hours to divide

i only

Pathogenic bacteria that are obligate, intracellular parasites:

Chlamydia; Rickettsia

__________ lack a cell wall and therefore are unaffected by antibiotics that interfere with cell wall synthesis

Mycoplasmas

Yeasts are normally __________ organisms that are larger than bacteria (typically 5-10 μm)

unicellular

Which of the following are ways in which Yeast reproduce:

i: Sexual reproduction
ii: Binary fission
iii: Budding

All of the above

Molds consist of a tangled mass of multicellular filaments, which, collectively as a colony on a Petri dish, are referred to as a __________ that consists of tubes called __________

mycelium; hyphae

__________ are more significant as contaminants of manufactured medicines than as pathogens, although some are capable of causing severe illness in immunocompromised patients.

Molds

__________ are single-celled animals that are found in

water and soil

Protozoa

Protozoa can feed on bacteria and can be grown in laboratory bacterial cultures (True/False)

True

A majority of protozoa are harmless (True/False)

True

Which of the following is caused by protozoa:

i: Sepsis and pneumonia

ii: Tetanus and botulism

iii: Malaria and amoebic dysentery

iv: Salmonella and necrotizing fasciitis

Malaria and amoebic dysentery

The bacterial chromosome made of a single circular molecule of single-stranded DNA which exists in a highly compacted state within the cytoplasm with no surrounding membrane (True/False)

False; single circular molecule of double-stranded DNA