Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
renal agenesis, horseshoe kidney, multi-cystic renal dysplasia, PCKD
Developmental disorders of the kidneys
renal agenesis
A developmental disorder where one or both kidneys don’t form at all
Horseshoe kidney
A developmental disorder where the tissue of the kidneys join, and the kidneys are unable to rise into the pelvis. Patients are prone to stones, infection, and physical damage.
PCKD (polycystic kidney disease)
Which developmental disorder of the kidneys is due to abnormal chromosomes and always affects both kidneys?
autosomal dominant
PCKD that is adult onset
autosomal recessive
PCKD that is infantile (aka present at birth)
acute renal failure, nephritis syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, isolated hematuria/proteinuria, chronic renal failure
Immune mediated glomerular diseases
antigen-antibody complexes (Type III)
Immune mediated glomerular diseases are mediated by
acute renal failure
What type of Immune mediated glomerular disease results in destruction in minutes to hours, is crescentic, drops the GFR, and increases creatine and BUN
Nephritic syndrome
What type of Immune mediated glomerular disease is the result of inflammatory processes, associated with SLE, and the damage occurs in epithelial cells and the basement membrane?
Nephrotic syndrome
What type of Immune mediated glomerular disease results in noninflammatory damage to the podocytes
isolated hematuria/proteinuria
Immune mediated glomerular diseases associated with Berger’s disease and lupus?
chronic renal failure
If any Immune mediated glomerular diseases is left untreated it can progress to
nephritic syndrome
A 55 y/o patient presents to the ER for hematuria. The patient has hypertension and generalized edema. After a urine sample is sent to the lab you discover RBC casts, non-nephrotic range proteinuria (<3.5). The patient also reports that he hasn’t been urinating a lot either. Diagnosis?
oliguria
Decreased urine output (at least 500 ccs a day)
anuria
No or very little urine output, less than 100 ccs
Nephrotic syndrome
A patient presents to the clinic with generalized edema. Blood work shows hypoalbuminemia amd hyperlipiemia. A urine sample shows proteinuria exceeding 3.5 and lipid casts. The patient reports that he was recently in the hospital for a DVT and has just gotten over a cold. Diagnosis?
ESRD (endstage glomerulopathy)
The progression of immune-mediated glomerulopathies, AKA “Chronic glomerulonephritis” basically the kidney damages is so bad we cannot function
diabetic nephropathy, urinary stones
Metabolic diseases of the kidneys
glomerulopathy, tubular atrophy, pyelonephritis, papillary ischemia/necrosis
Forms of diabetic nephropathy
arterioles
Tubular atrophy tends to affect the
Kimmelstiel wilson (KW)
The expansion of the mesnagial matrix of the kidneys in diabetes leads to the formation of nodules which is typical of what?
rarely
Does diabetic nephropathy ever result in acute renal failure?
calcium, struvite, uric acid, cystine
Types of urinary stones
calcium oxalate/phosphate
Most common type of urinary stone (75%)
struvite stones
A 55 y/o women reports to the ER for symptoms of an UTI. She states that for the last year she has had 2 UTIs a month. What could be an underlying problem?
bladder
Cystitis is an infection of the
kidneys
pyelonephritis is an infection of the
ascending infections
Most UTIs are
E.coli
What is the most common bacteria involved in an UTI
staph/strep
If the UTI is hematogenous in nature what is most likely the bacteria present?
renal arteries
Nephroangiosclerosis is more commonly affecting the
Activate RAS leading to vasoconstriction and increasing blood volume
What do the kidneys do as a result of hypertension
older men due to smoking, obesity, and job exposure
What is the typical patient population for renal tumors?
epithelial cells
Renal cell cancers originate from
transitional cells
Bladder cancers typically originate from
renal cell caricinoma
A patient presents to the clinic for blood in their urine. They also report flank pain that waxes and wanes. On a physical exam you notice a larger abdominal mass. Blood work shows amyloidosis, hypercalcemia, and erythrocytosis. Diagnosis?
bladder cancer
Most common cancer of the the whole urinary tract
renal cell carcinoma
Most common renal adult tumor
cytoscopy biopsy
Patient presents to the clinic for hematuria and burning on urination. They also report abdominal pain. To rule out urinary bladder cancer, what do you need to order?
Wilms tumor
A childhood cancer caused by the deletion on the WT-1 or 2 that is composed of immature renal blastema cells.
wilms tumor, one side of body is bigger than the other
Hemihypertrophy/hemi-hyperplasia components
wilms tumor, microcephaly, macroglossia, umbilical hernia
Beckwith-wiedermann syndrome components
wilms tumor, aniridia, GU abnormalities, mental retardation
WAGR syndrome
wilms tumor, glomerular disease, GU abnormality
Denys-Drash Syndrome components