A&P - Reproductive System - S12

What is the function of the male reproductive system?

1. Formation of sperm

2. Produce hormones

3. Transmission of sperm

4. Consists of organs ductal system and glands

What does the epidiymis store?

Sperm before ejaculation

Where is sperm produced?

Seminiferous tubule

What is the role of Sertoli cells?

supports sperm development

What is the role of the leydig cells?

secrete testosterone

What is the role of smooth muscle?

produces peristalsis which propels sperm into epidermis

What is the the tip of a sperm?

Acrosome - breakdown layers of ovum

Where is the mitochondria in a sperm?

Midpiece

What tempreture is the scrotum comapred to body tempreture?

3 degrees cooler

What 2 muscles are working at the scrotum?

Dartos, Cremaster (contracts to draw testes closer when cold)

What is the tip of the penis called?

Glans

What is the role of the corpus spongiosum?

Surrounds urethra

What is the role of the corpora cavernosa?

runs side by side along dorsal surface

What is the function of the vas deferens?

Propel sperm from epididymis during ejaculation

What is the role of the seminal vesicles?

Secretion of the vesicles acccounts for 70% of the volume of the semen

What the role of seminal fluid?

Provides transport and nutrition for sperm, neutralises acidic conditions of vagina, induces contractions in the fallopian tubes

What is the role of cowpers gland?

neutralises acidic urine remaining in urethra

How much semen volume does prostate secretions account for?

30%

During ejaculation how much semen is propelled out?

2-5ml (50-130 million sperm per ml)

How long is sperm viable for before they degenerate?

48 hours once reached fallopian tube

What is the function of semen?

transport and nourishment of sperm

What are the functions of the femal reproductive system?

1. formation of eggs

2. reception of sperm

3. childbirth

4. lactation

5. provides suitable environement for fetal development

Which hormone triggers ovulation?

LH

What is the function of the ovaries?

Produces sex hormones and ova (eggs)

What hormones stimulate follicle maturation?

FSH and oestrogen

Where does fertilisation take place?

ampulla (within uterine/ fallopian tubes)

How does the ovum move from ovary to uterus?

Peristalsis and ciliary movement

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

1. Perimetrium

2. Myometrium

3. Endometrium

What are the 2 phases of the ovarian cycle and roles?

1. Follicular phase

2. Luteal Phase (day of ovulation, development of corpus luteum and anything to do with this)

What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle and their functions?

1. Menstrual Phase (Shedding of endometrium, lasts 1-5 days)

2. Proliferative Phase (Regeneration of the endometrium due to incresed oestrogen)

3. Secretory Phase (Day 15-28, secrete glycogen, changes are caused by increased progesterone levels by the corpus luteum)

What happens if there is no fertilisation?

Corpus luteum degenerates and progesterone decreases

Where is FSH and LH secreted from?

Anterior Pituitary

What is the function of Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) during pregnancy?

Maintains corpus luteum

What is the role of oestrogen during pregnancy?

Myometrial hypertrophy, external genitalia enlargement, softening of pelvic ligaments

What is the role of progesterone during pregnancy?

Inhibits uterine contractions, proliferation of endometrium, development of alveoli in mammary glands

What is the role of prolactin during pregnancy?

Milk production, inhibits FSH release and ovulation

What is the role of relaxin during pregnancy?

flexibility of tissues (softens pelvic ligaments and tissues)

What is the role of oxytocin during pregnancy?

Uterine contractions during labour and myometrium contractions

What is fertilisation?

Fusion of sperm and ova

Where does the sperm penetrate?

Corona radiata and the zona pellucida

What stops fertilisation by more than one sperm (polyspermy)?

Depolarisation of the cell membrane of the fertilised egg
and release of calcium ions

What is formed when sperm fertilises an egg?

Zygote

How long from the development of a zygote is blastocyst formed?

4-20 days

How long from the development of a zygote is embryo formed?

Day 21-56

How long from the development of a zygote is fetsu formed?

week 9 to birth

Where is the zygote embedded and how is it nourished?

Endometrium by uterine secretions until placenta formed

What does the placenta do?

Secretes progesterone

What happens after 40 weeks?

Oestrogen and oxytocin promote uterine contractions