History of Medical Technology - Flashcards (English)

A comprehensive set of Q&A flashcards covering key concepts, historical milestones, and notable figures in the history of medical technology and medical laboratory science.

Who is considered the 'Father of Medicine' and during which period did he contribute to medical diagnosis?

Hippocrates; 300 BC to 180 AD.

What are the four humors referenced in ancient Greek medicine?

Blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.

What was the early method of diagnosing disease that involved body fluids and observational signs?

Qualitative assessment of body fluids (four humors) and observation; urinalysis among fluids examined.

What diagnostic practice did Hippocrates advocate involving urine?

Tasting urine, along with watching the lungs and outward appearances.

How did Galen describe diabetes?

As 'diarrhea of urine' with a link between fluid intake and urine volume.

What medieval practice used urine as a diagnostic aid?

Water casting (uroscopy) with urine submitted in decorative flasks.

By around 900 AD, what was documented about urine?

The first book detailing the characteristics of urine (color, density, quality).

What is the term for the examination of urine for diagnostic information?

Urinalysis.

What changes in diagnosis occurred by the 18th century?

Mechanical techniques and cadaver dissection provided more objective diagnosis.

Name two 19th-century devices for measuring lung function and blood pressure.

John Hutchinson's spirometer and Jules Herisson's sphygmomanometer.

What role did chemistry play in 19th-century diagnosis?

Helped diagnose diabetes, anemia, diphtheria, and syphilis.

What spurred the transition from general practice to medical specialization?

Growing patient numbers and expanding medical knowledge requiring more expertise.

What drove the need for information technology in medicine?

Large volumes of patient data required for diagnosis and treatment.

What was the approximate percentage of medical professionals who were non-physicians in 1969?

About 80%.

Name breakthroughs that allowed examination of body parts once seen only in cadavers.

Thermometer, stethoscope, microscope, ophthalmoscope, laryngoscope, X-ray.

Who invented the stethoscope and what is its use?

Rene Laennec; used to listen to lungs and heartbeats.

Who invented the ophthalmoscope?

Hermann von Helmholtz.

Who discovered X-rays and their diagnostic use?

Wilhelm Roentgen.

Which organization regulated medical laboratories in the United States by the mid-1900s?

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

What imaging/visualization advancements emerged with computer integration?

Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Who developed the electrocardiograph?

William Einthoven.

Who invented the Drinker respirator for polio patients?

Philip Drinker.

What is cardiac catheterization and angiography, and who pioneered it?

Visualization of the heart and vessels via a cannula and radiopaque dye; Forsmann (1929) pioneered, with later work by Moniz, Reboul, Rousthoi; safety established by Cournand (1941).

What was Elizabeth Kenny's contribution to medical therapy?

Kenny method for polio treatment using hot packs and muscle manipulation; Sylvia stretcher (1927).

What is the significance of the 1895 Philadelphia/Philadelphia Pepper Laboratory in the US?

First clinical laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania highlighting the service role of clinical laboratories.

What major professional organization was founded in 1922 to connect physicians and clinical pathologists?

The American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP).

What is the precursor organization for non-physician clinical laboratory scientists in the US?

The American Society for Medical Technologists, which contributed to forming the American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS).

When did US medical technologists push for licensure?

In the 1950s.

Which was the first hospital in the Philippines, and in what year was it established?

Hospital Real in Cebu, established in 1565.

Which hospital did the Spaniards establish in 1578?

San Lazaro Hospital.

When were the faculties of pharmacy and medicine established at the University of Santo Tomas?

1871.

Name Manila-based journals published in the late 19th century.

Boletin de Medicina de Manila (1886), Revista Farmaceutica de Filipinas (1893), Cronicas de Ciencias Medicas (1895).

What year did the central vaccination board start vaccine lymph production, and how many vaccinators were reported by 1898?

Board started in 1806; 122 vaccinators by 1898.

Who pioneered water testing and forensics in the Philippines?

General Antonio Luna.

What American administrative unit was established in 1901 to oversee laboratories in the Philippines?

The Bureau of Government Laboratories (later reorganized as the Bureau of Science).

What major shift occurred in the Philippines health system in 1905 and 1927?

1905: Bureau of Science established; 1927: UP College of Public Health Certificate in Public Health program started.

What event in 1941 impacted the Philippines health system during World War II?

Japan's attack on Manila and the outbreak of World War II.

When did the Manila Public Health Laboratory reopen after WWII, and who led the effort?

Reopened October 1945; led by Dr. Pio de Roda with Dr. Mariano Icasiano.

Who was the first graduate of the medical technology program at Manila's institutions?

Dr. Jesse Umali.

When did the University of Santo Tomas officially recognize Medical Technology as an official program?

1961.

Who developed the smallpox vaccination, establishing immunity?

Edward Jenner (1796).

Who is known as the Father of Microbiology and what was his key contribution?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; improved the microscope and microscale observation.

What is Karl Landsteiner known for in immunohematology?

Distinguishing blood groups through the ABO system.

Which scientist developed the PCR technique?

Kary Mullis.

Who developed the first human stem cell line and in what year?

James Thomson; 1998.

Which vaccines are associated with Jonas Salk and Baruch Blumberg?

Jonas Salk developed the poliomyelitis vaccine; Baruch S. Blumberg developed the Hepatitis B vaccine.

What advanced reproductive technique is attributed to Andre van Steirteghem?

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), a type of IVF.