Theories exam 2

Adoption studies

found that adopted children have more in common with biological parents than adopted parents

Brain dysfunction

means that interference with normal brain function can occur in the womb

Acetylcholine

facilitates communication between neurons

Autonomic nervous system

controls fight or flight

Brain function

is in charge of sensation, motion and movement, reproduction, internal regulation, emotions and thought and cognition

Central nervous system

consists of brain and the spinal cord controls breathing

Chromosome

have your DNA/genetics

Concordance rates

if one twin has a certain trait the other one will most likely have it to

Diet/nutrition

our brains are directly impacted by the foods and drinks we consume ultra processed foods and not enough fruits whole grains

Dizygotic twins

fraternal twins that share 99.95% of genes

Dopamine

feel good

Drug abuse

abnormal, excessive, maladaptive

drug use

is normal, recreational, social, adaptive

Drugs and economic compulsive violence

crimes committed to get money for drugs

Drugs and death

crimes resulting from interactions with other drug users and criminals

Drugs and psychopharmacological violence

crimes due to the effects of drugs on the brain

Drugs and systemic violence

crimes committed due to the illicit drug market

Enzyme

proteins that speed up chemical reactions

Family studies

a theory that criminality is affected by genes but families also share genes and environment

Frontal lobe

controls attention, executing a sequence of responses to avoid negative consequences or interactions and generating alternatives socially adaptive behavioral responses

Genes/Genetics

biochemical part of cells that determine what cells can become

Head injury

2.5 million traumatic injuries and 60,000 die

Human genome

contains 19,000 genese or 3 million base pairs

Intelligence/IQ

Ability to learn understand reason apply knowledge solve problems

Limbic system

part of the brain involved in behavioral and emotional response

Mental illness

Brain disorder imbalance of neurotransmitters that interfere with thinking feeling and behaving

Minnesota Twin study

Showed that genetic factors heavily influence traits even when raised apart for identical twins

Monozygotic twins

Identical twins come from one egg and share 100% of their genes

Neomammalian brain

Rational part of the brain

Neuron

Nerve cells in the brain

Neurotransmitter

Chemical messenger released by neurons

Occipital lobe

Part of the brain that controls vision and abstract concepts

Paleomammalian brain

Emotional part of the brain

Parietal lobe

Works with frontal lobe movement and sensation

Personality

Complex set of characteristics that define any individual totality of behavioral emotional characteristics

Personality and crime

Feel negative emotions have depression, anxiety and anger and less self control

Phenotype

personality traits from genes and environment

Phrenology

bumps on the head that determined personality

Physiognomy

assessing a person’s intelligence by looking at them

Proteins

get these from meats

Psychopathy

people that have no empathy for others

Reptilian brain

Part of the brain that is survival

Schizophrenia

a mental disorder that causes auditory hallucinations and can become vioelnt onlynwhen self medication is used

Serotonin

controls mood

Temporal lobe

part of the brain that controls hearing, learning, memory, emotion and aggression

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

from an accident, violence, sport injury

twin studies

if criminality is affected by genes identical twins should be more similar than fraternal twins