Studied by 2 people
descriptions/key words/rules only
Electrophile
An agent typically used in machismo reactions which refers to one which lacks electrons ( carbocation and carbonyl compounds) - have positive charge
Nucleophile
Agent which is electron rich and donates electron pairs to deficient species ( water, ammonia, cyanide ion) - have negative charge
Markovnikov’s Rule
addition of HX alkene occurs such that carbon with most substitutes gain more - more H on carbon=gain the H from HX
carbocation stability
when creating a carbocation and following the Maokovnikov’s rule, it is preferred to have the most stable compound :
Least most stable
primary - secondary - tertiary
Mechanism steps ( nucleophile and electrophile)
1) identify nucleophile and electrophile ( more electronegative = more nucleophile)
2) arrow from nucleophile to electrophile then break molecule being added by using arrow ( bond give e to nucleophile)
3) in intermediate brackets - draw the carbocation and the electrophile specie
4) draw arrow from e pair in nucleophile to carbocation
Alkanes description
4 sigma bonds and tetrahedral shape (109.5 degree)
sp3 hybrid with 4 orbital
Alkene
3 orbitals with sp2 hybrid
4 sigma and 1 pie bond (trigonal planar (120)
static conformation - newman
