Copy of 11.1 The Role of the Nervous System.docx

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9 Terms

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Afferent system

Receives input through receptors and transmits the input to the CNS.

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Efferent system

Carries signals away to effectors (muscles and glands).

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Neurons

Specialized cells that respond to stimuli, conduct electrochemical signals, and regulate body processes.

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Glial cells

Cells that support neurons by nourishing them, removing waste, and defending against infection.

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Motor neuron

Transmits information from the CNS to effectors like muscles and glands.

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Sensory neurons

Transmit impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS.

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Interneurons

Found in the CNS, link sensory and motor neurons, process sensory information, and relay motor information.

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Reflexes

Fast, automatic responses to environmental changes.

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Reflex Arc

Simple neural pathway that does not require input from the brain, involving sensory receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, and effectors.