HOSA "Dental Terminology" - Chapters 1-5

Acute

Immediate symptoms, such as high fever and pain or distress

Chronic

Describes a condition present over a long time, often without an endpoint

Remission

Temporary or permanent cessation of a severe condition

Endemic

A problem that belongs to a particular people or country, and is ongoing

Exogenous

Refers to causes outside the body, such as illnesses arising from trauma, radiaion, or hypothermia

Endogenous

Refers to causes from within the body, such as infections, tumors, or congenital abnormalities

Congenital

Refers to conditions inherited from parents, such as cystic fibrosis

Degenerative

Refers to the conditions resulting from natural aging of the body, such as arthiritis

Opportunistic

Refers to disease or infection occurring with the body resistance is lowered, such as fungal, bacterial, and viral infection

Nosocomial

Refers to disease passed on from patient to patient in healthcare setting, "Hospital-acquired infections"

Spore

A thick-walled reproductive cell of bacteria

Bacteria principal forms:

Oval/rounded, rod-shaped, spiral/curved

Droplet infection

Airborne infection in which pathogens discharged from the mouth or nose by coughing or sneezing are carried through the air and settle on objects

Indirect infection

infection resulting from improper handling of contaminated inanimate substances that absorb and transmit infection, such as doorknobs or bedding

Direct contact infection

Infection that is passed directly from person to person through contact with saliva, blood, or mucous membranes

Parenteral entry

refers to piercing of the skin or mucous membrane, also called "needle stick"

Carrier infection

Exchange of disease by direct or indirect contact with an infected human or animal that does not have symptoms of a disease

Vector-borne infection

An infection that is transmitted by and organism such as a fly or mosquito

Food, soil, water infections

Infections passed along by microbes present in food, soil, or water

Critical sterilization

Instruments used to penetrate soft tissue or bone, or enter the bloodstream. These include forceps, scalpels, scalers, chisels, and surgical burs. Steam under pressure (autoclave), dry heat, or heat/chemical vapor sterilization are suggested

Semi-critical

Instruments that do not penetrate soft tissues or bone but contact the mucous membrane or non-intact skins. High-level infection disinfection is appropriate if heat/pressure/chemical is not feasible

Noncritical

Instruments that come into contact with intact skin. such as blood pressure cuffs and x-ray heads. Hospital disinfectants are acceptable.

Autoclave

Steam pressure, 250° F, 20 minutes

"Flash" autoclave

Smaller autoclave with high temperature setting & lowered time. 270° F, 3-5 minutes

Dry heat sterilization

oven apparatus used for a hot air bake at high temp, 340° F, 2 hours

Molten heat or glass bead heat

Devices holding super-heated molten metal or small glass beads; used mainly in endodontic practice, 450° F

Chemical vapor sterilization

Use of chemicals and heat, noncorrosive method that is used on loose or unwrapped articles (particularly metals), 270° F, 20 minutes

Cassette tray

Used to contain instrument setups that travel from operatory use to the ultrasonic cleaning, rinsing, and wrapping and storage until the next use. Cassettes are color-coded to match procedures

PPE

Personal protective equipment (gloves, face shields, masks, etc) to protect from disease microbes

SOP

Standard operating procedures, Handling and storage of dental equipment methods, use of evacuation methods, rubber dams, and preoperative rinse of oral cavity with mouthwash ("universal methods")

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

CDC

Center for Disease Control (and prevention)

EPA

Environment Protection Agency

OSAP

Organization for Safety and Asepsis Procedures

iso-

equal

con-

with

mal-

bad

malaco-

soft

pachy-

thick

sclero-

hard

tachy-

fast

brady-

slow

ad-

toward/near

ab-

away from

ana-

apart

dexi-

right side

de-

down from

dia-

complete

epi-

upon, over

infra-

below

im-

into/position

ante-

before

syn-

together

cheil-/o-

lip

coron-/o-

crown

gnath-/o-

jaw, cheek

muc-/o-

tissue lining an orifice

stoma-

mouth, opening

orth-/o-

straight, proper order

-ary, -ous, -ine, -um, -ile, -tic, -ory, -eal, -ior

"pertaining to"

-ant, -ion, -oma, -ism, -pathy, -ium, -olud, -tion

"condition"

-algia

pain

-ate, -ize

use/action

-cide

kill

-cyte

cell

-ectomy

surgical removal

-gnosis

knowledge

-ology

study of

-oma

tumor

-opsy

view

-plegia

paralysis

-rrhea

discharge

-tomy

incision

-trophy

development

Sinus

Air pocket or cavity in a bone that lightens the bone, warms air intakes and helps form sounds

Accessory paranasal sinuses

Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary

Suture

Line where two or more bones unite in an immovable joint

Four main sutures

Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoid, Temporoparietal

Process

Projection of outgrowth of bone or tissue

Eight main processes related to dentistry:

Alveolar, Condyloid, Frontal, Infraorbital, Mastoid, Pterygoid, Styloid

Foramen

Opening or hole in the bone for nerve and vessel passage

The importance of knowing foramina locations

Many injection sights of anesthesia are placed in these areas

Nine main foramina related to dentistry:

Magnum, Mandibular, Mental, Lingual, Incisive, Supraorbital, Infraorbital, Palatine, Zygomaticofacial

Three types of oral mucosa:

Specialized, lining, masticatory

Four muscles of mastication

Temporal, Masseter, Internal pterygoid, External pterygoid

Most significant pair of cranial nerves related to dentistry:

V - Trigeminal

Four important structures in the oral cavity:

Labia (lips), Frenum (triangular tissue that connects lip & cheek to mouth), Glossa (tongue), Palates,

Twelve pairs of cranial nerves (in ORDER):

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal

What is the name of the first nerve pair and what is it's function?

I - Olfactory, smell (Sensory)

What is the name of the second nerve pair and what is it's function?

II - Optic, vision (Sensory)

What is the name of the third nerve pair and what is it's function?

III - oculomotor, upper eyelid & eyeball movement (Motor)

What is the name of the fourth nerve pair and what is it's function?

IV - Trochlear, eye movement & sensation (Motor)

What is the name of the fifth nerve pair and what is it's function?

V - Trigeminal, dental and facial nerve (Sensory & Motor)

What is the name of the sixth nerve pair and what is it's function?

VI - Abducens, lateral eye sense & movement (Motor)

What is the name of the seventh nerve pair and what is it's function?

VII - Facial, taste sense & facial expression (Motor)

What is the name of the eighth nerve pair and what is it's function?

VIII - Vestibulocochlear, equilibrium & hearing (Motor)

What is the name of the ninth nerve pair and what is it's function?

IX - Glossopharyngeal, taste sensation, swallowing (Motor)

What is the name of the tenth nerve pair and what is it's function?

X - Vagus, blood pressure, heart rate, digestion (Motor)

What is the name of the eleventh nerve pair and what is it's function?

XI - Accessory, body sensation, muscles of shoulders (Motor)

What is the name of the first twelfth pair and what is it's function?

XII - Hypoglossal, body sensation, tongue movement in speech & swallowing (Motor)