Untitled Flashcards Set

How many cervical vertebrae are there in the human spine?

There are 7 cervical vertebrae.

Which section of the vertebral column has the most vertebrae?

The thoracic section has the most vertebrae.

How many thoracic vertebrae are present in the vertebral column?

There are 12 thoracic vertebrae.

The lumbar region of the vertebral column consists of how many vertebrae?

The lumbar region consists of 5 vertebrae.

Which section of the spine consists of fused vertebrae?

The sacral section consists of fused vertebrae.

Which region of the spine is most commonly affected by herniated discs due to heavy load-bearing?

The lumbar region is most commonly affected.

Why are whiplash injuries most common in the cervical vertebrae?

They have the highest range of motion and flexibility.

Scoliosis most often affects which section of the spine?

Scoliosis most often affects the thoracic section.

What is the angle of the pubic arch in males compared to females?

Male: 80-90°, Female: 50-60°.

What does Wolff’s Law state about bone remodeling?

Bone adapts to the mechanical stress placed upon it.

According to Wolff’s Law, what happens to bone if mechanical stress increases?

Bone becomes stronger and denser.

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocytes in Wolff’s Law?

They act as bone sensors that detect mechanical strain.

What happens to astronauts’ bones in space due to the lack of mechanical loading?

Bones become weaker and less dense due to low stress.

Which part of the bone is responsible for responding to mechanical stress and initiating remodeling?

Osteocytes are responsible for this.

What type of bone remodeling occurs in response to disuse or prolonged inactivity?

Increased osteoclast activity leading to bone loss.

Which of the following exercises would most effectively stimulate bone growth according to Wolff’s Law?

Weightlifting and running would most effectively stimulate bone growth.

How does Wolff’s Law explain differences in bone density between an athlete and a sedentary individual?

Athletes have denser bones due to repeated mechanical loading.

What happens at the microscopic level when bones experience increased mechanical load?

Osteocytes detect strain and signal osteoblasts to deposit new bone.