DNA Study Guide - BIO 101

What are the DNA Components

Phosphate Group, Deoxyribose Sugar, Nitrogenous base

What are Purines and how many rings do they have?

Nitrogenous bases with double-rings (Adenine and Guanine)

What are Pyrimidines and how many rings do they have?

Nitrogenous bases with single rings (Cytosine and Thymine)

What bases pair together

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

How many hydrogen bonds are between the bases

Two between A and T, Three between G and C

Which strand is synthesized continuously

Leading Strand

Which strand is synthesized discontinuously and why

Lagging Strand because of okazaki fragments

Function of DNA Polymerase III

Binds to the primer and adds DNA nucleotides

Function of DNA Ligase

Links/seals DNA fragments

Function of DNA Helicase

Enzyme that separates DNA strands

In what direction is the new DNA strand synthesized?

Occurs in the 5’ to 3’ direction

Base Substitution Mutations Types (there’s three)

Silent, Missense, Nonsense

What’s Insertions

Mutation that adds base(s)

What’s Deletions

Mutation that removes base(s)

What are Indels and what do they cause

Insertions or Deletions causing frame-shift mutations

Who is Gregor Mendel and what did he do?

First person to analyzed inheritance patterns, he deduced genetic principles

How many chromosomes do humans have?

46 Chromosomes