Chapter 16 Terms

Skyscrapers

Tall buildings with many floors supported by light steel frames.

Gustavus Swift

He invented the refrigerator.

Realists

They tried to show the harsh side of life as it really was.

James Naismith

Who invented basketball in 1891?

Orville and Wilbur Wright

Invented a flying machine with a gasoline engine and eventually built the first plane.

Christopher Sholes

He invented the typewriter.

George Eastman

He invented a lightweight Kodak camera.

Mark Twain

He was the most famous author of the late 1800's; wrote popular short stories.

Strikebreakers

Replacements for striking workers.

Henry Ford

He created the Assembly line in the automobile industry.

Pull Factors

Conditions that attract immigrants to a new area.

Collective bargaining

The right for unions to negotiate with management.

Gauges

The width of railroad tracks.

Civil Service Commission

Created exams for federal jobs. Except elected officials and military.

Huckleberry Finn

A novel by Mark Twain that poked fun at serious issues.

Assembly Line

Name the system where each worker stays in one place and does one specific task as products move along on a moving belt.

Patronage

Giving jobs to followers is called?

Pendleton Act

This act created the Civil Service Commission.

Rebates

Discounted or reduced prices.

Anarchists

People who oppose all forms of government.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

He owned many railroad lines throughout the country.

Gilded Age

The period from 1870-1890 is an era that got its name from a book by Mark Twain and Charles Warner.

Jan Matzeliger

An African American who invented a device to make shoes.

Spoils System

The practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs.

William Randolph Hearst

He started the New York Journal. Presented scandal, crimes and gossip in a way to gauge interest.

Haymarket Riot

A bomb went off and killed 8 police officers.

Free enterprise system

Businesses owned by private citizens.

Gilded

Means coated with a thin layer of gold.

Jane Addams

Leading figure in the settlement house movement in Chicago.

Nativists

Sought to limit immigration and preserve the country for native-born white protestants.

Elijah McCoy

African American who invented a device to oil machines.

Consolidate

It means to combine.

John D. Rockefeller

He rushed to Pennsylvania to drill for oil and to make oil refineries.

J.P Morgan

The most powerful banker in the 1800's.

Strike

A work stoppage caused by a mass group of employees who refuse to work.

Mary Harris Jones (Mother Jones)

She devoted much of her adult life to the cause of workers, especially children.

Sweatshop

A place where people worked long hours and in poor conditions for low pay.

Salvation Army

A religious organization started in London and came to the U.S.; Offered food and clothing to the poor.

Acculturation

The process of holding on to old traditions while adapting to new culture.

Cyrus Fields

He put down telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean that made communication to other countries possible.

Stock

A share in a company.

Standard Oil Company

Name of the biggest oil company owned by Rockefeller.

Pogroms

Organized attacks on Jewish villages.

Bessemer Process

A new way of making stronger steel for cheap.

Compulsory Education Laws

Required that children attend school.

Building codes

Created standards for construction and safety.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Started by Samuel Gompers, it was one big unions broken down into trade unions.

Monopoly

Controlling all or nearly all the businesses of an industry.

Sherman Antitrust Act

Banned the formation of trusts and monopolies.

Push Factors

Conditions that drive people from their homes.