Unit 1 English Review

syllogism

A form of deductive reasoning where if p is q and q is r, then p is r.

deductive reasoning

Starts with a general argument then applies it to specific cases to reach a conclusion.

inductive reasoning

Starts with a specific case and leads to a general argument or conclusion.

epicureanism

A philosophy that teaches happiness comes from moderation, simplicity, friendship, and community.

cynicism

A philosophy that advocates achieving virtue by living simply and in agreement with nature, rejecting conventional desires.

skepticism

The suspension of judgment about a concept without evidence.

classical oration

The traditional way to arrange an argument, consisting of introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, and conclusion.

enthymeme

A syllogism without a middle reasoning.

anaphora

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or sentences.

epistrophe

The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses or sentences.

stoicism

A school of philosophy that teaches virtue is sufficient for happiness and that individuals should remain indifferent to other external goods.

Aristotelian Ethics

The view that virtue is necessary for eudaemonia but must be accompanied by essentials like shelter and health.

Claim

The main point or thesis of an argument.

Evidence

Supporting data and examples that back up a claim.

Warrant

An explanation of how the evidence supports the claim.

Counterargument

Addressing opposing views in an argument.

Socrates

An ancient philosopher known for the Socratic method and the belief that 'the unexamined life is not worth living.'

Plato

A philosopher who theorized about Forms and the nature of reality, known for his work 'The Republic'.

Aristotle

A philosopher who believed in empiricism and the Golden Mean, emphasizing knowledge through experience.

Epicurus

An ancient philosopher who defined happiness as a tranquil life surrounded by friends and self-sufficiency.

Diogenes of Sinope

A philosopher known for leading a simple lifestyle and mentoring a school of cynicism.

Pyrrhonism

A skeptical philosophy that advocates the suspension of judgment on all beliefs.

Dogma

Principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true.

Academic skepticism

A form of skepticism that claims knowledge is impossible but allows for degrees of probability.