VU ENG 101 Lecture Notes Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering dictionary usage, reading skills, grammar rules, sentence errors, and essay writing principles from the ENG 101 course.

Dictionary

A reference book that lists and records words, providing their spelling, pronunciation, part of speech, origin, meaning, and usage.

Guide Words

Words printed in bold face at the top of a dictionary page indicating the first and last entries on that page.

Phonemic Symbols

Special symbols used in a dictionary to indicate each speech sound (including 20 vowels and 24 consonants in English).

Stress

The extra force used in pronouncing a particular syllable of a word, indicated in dictionaries by a tiny mark ` .

Topic Sentence

The sentence in a paragraph that states the main idea or point, typically consisting of a topic and a controlling idea.

Connectives (Transitional Markers)

Words or phrases that link ideas within a text, indicating relationships like result, contrast, comparison, or addition.

References

Words (like pronouns or adverbs) that substitute for other words mentioned earlier or later in a text to make reading smoother.

Affixes

A collective term for both prefixes (added to the beginning) and suffixes (added to the end) of a word stem.

Stem

The basic, fundamental form of a word common to all its other derived forms.

Synonyms

Words that have the same or nearly the same meaning in a specific sense.

Antonyms

Words that have opposite meanings.

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

The centerpiece of a computer system where calculations and data manipulations are performed.

Inference

The act of discovering implied or underlying ideas not directly stated in a text; also known as 'reading between the lines'.

Fact

A statement that can be proved true through objective evidence, such as physical proof or witnesses.

Opinion

A statement expressing beliefs, feelings, or judgments that cannot be objectively proved true or false.

Chronological Order

An organizational pattern where ideas or events are arranged according to their occurrence in time.

Sentence Fragment

An error in sentence construction where a group of words lacks a subject, a verb, or a complete thought.

Fused Sentence

A type of run-on sentence occurring when two complete thoughts are joined with no punctuation at all.

Comma Splice

A type of run-on sentence occurring when two complete thoughts are incorrectly joined by only a comma.

Dangling Modifier

A modifier that does not logically attach to any word in the sentence, creating confusing or unintended meaning.

Indefinite Pronouns

Pronouns that do not refer to a specific person or thing (e.g., each, anyone, somebody) and are typically singular.

Clichés

Expressions that have become dull and predictable due to overuse (e.g., 'busy as a bee').

Homonyms

Words that sound the same or similar but differ in spelling and meaning (e.g., 'their' and 'there').

Thesis Statement

The most important sentence in an essay introduction that states the specific topic and lists the major subtopics.

Paraphrasing

A writing skill involving expressing the meaning of a passage in different words while keeping the original meaning and approximate length.

Summary (Précis)

A brief and clear statement of the substance of a longer passage, containing only main points and omitting details.

Determiners

A class of minor words that precede nouns and adjectives, including articles, demonstratives, and possessives.

Algorithm

A straightforward sequence of steps or instructions used to solve a problem.

Flowchart

A diagrammatic representation of the logical path or sequence of events to be followed in solving a problem.

Language Function

The purpose for using language, such as requesting information, expressing emotion, or influencing behavior.