AP World History: Unit 4 Review for MCQs

During the seventeenth century, one of the reasons Africans participated in the Atlantic slave trade was...

a. the demand for weapons among African elites

In the three centuries after Columbus' voyages, most of the people who came to the Western Hemisphere originated in which of the following regions?

c. Western Africa

“Migration of man and his maladies is the chief cause of epidemics. And when migration takes place, those creatures who have been in isolation longest suffer most, for their genetic material has been least tempered by the variety of world diseases. Among the major subdivisions of the species Homo Sapiens, the American Indian probably had the dangerous privilege of the longest isolation from the rest of mankind.”

Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby’s argument in the passage above?

b. Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage.

"We agreed to leave the coast of Peru and sail for Japan, since we knew that cloth was valuable merchandise there. So we sailed directly for Japan. The shogun, hearing of us, sent five boats to bring me to his court. He demanded to know why we had come so far. I answered: 'We the English are a people who seek friendship with all nations and trade with all countries, bringing the merchandise that our country produces.' He demanded also to know about the conflicts between Spain and Portugal and England and the reasons for them."

Which of the following represents a primary difference in how Europeans conducted trade in the Atlantic region compared to how they conducted trade in Asia in the period 1450-1750?

d. While European trade in the Americas involved extensive conquest and colonization, Europeans primarily concentrated on transporting goods between Asian regions

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by..

a. increased production of cash crops like sugar

All of the following resulted from the growth of the Atlantic slave trade in Africa EXCEPT...

c. the exclusion of Africa from the emerging global market

"Seeing how vile and despicable the idol was, we went outside to ask why they cared about so crude and ungainly a thing. But they, astounded at our daring, defended the honor of their god and said that he was Pachacamac, the Maker of the World, who healed their infirmities. According to what we were able to learn, the devil appeared to their priests in that hut and spoke with them, and they entered there with petitions and offerings from the entire kingdom of Atahualpa, just as Moors and Turks go to the house in Mecca. Seeing the evil of what was there and the blindness of all those people, we gathered together their leaders and enlightened them. And in the presence of all, the hut was opened and torn down and with much solemnity a tall cross was raised over the seat which for so long the devil had claimed as his own."

Which of the following long-term changes in the period circa 1550-1700 best demonstrates tha

c. The emergence of syncretic religious practices in the Americas

"Americans . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society as mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, or to store products that are royal monopolies, or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this, add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity . . . in short, do you wish to know what our future held?-simply the cultivation of the fields of indigo, grain, coffee, sugarcane, cacao, and cotton; cattle raising on the broad plains; hunting wild game in the jungles; digging in the earth to mine its gold."

Bolívar was describing the effects of which of the following economic policies?

b. Mercantilism

In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the commonly held view that Europeans controlled the largest share of world trade in the seventeenth through the eighteenth centuries.

Which of the following evidence from the period would best support this historical reinterpretation?

d. European merchants transported only a fraction of the goods shipped globally.

Which of the following was a major change in global patterns of religious beliefs and practices in the period 1450-1750 C.E.?

b. Adherents of monotheistic religions such as Christianity and Islam increased both in number and in geographic scope as a result of conquest, trade, and missionary activities.

During the period 1600—1800, the leaders of China, Korea, and Japan all had policies that...

d. regulated interactions with foreigners

An important reason for China's rapid population increase in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was...

a. the introduction of new crops from the Americas

Which of the following accurately describes the effect of the spread of Christianity among most Amerindian societies after 1500 C.E.?

b. Amerindians maintained local customs by combining indigenous beliefs with elements of Christianity.

Which of the following describes the most important cause of the demographic changes associated with the Columbian Exchange?

b. The introduction of New World food crops to Afro-Eurasia and the spread of epidemic diseases to the Americas

Which of the following would best support the conclusion that the Columbian Exchange involved more profound consequences than did earlier biological exchanges in world history?

b. Previous exchanges did not involve the world's two hemispheres.

One of the things that struck me most in Peru was its great, splendid highways, and I wondered how many men it must have required to build them and what tools and instruments were used to level the mountains and cut through the rock to make them as broad and good as they are. It seems to me that if the king of Spain wanted to build a highway from Quito to Cuzco, I do not think that he could do it even with all of his power unless he followed the method that the Inca employed.

When an Inca king decided to build one of these highways, all he needed to do was give the command. Then, the inspectors would go through the provinces, laying out the highway's route and assigning Indians to help build the road. In this way, the road was built in a short time from one boundary of the kingdom to the other. The Inca rulers built many of these roads and were so full of pride that when one ruler died, his heir would build his ro

b. They were very broad, and some extended across the entire kingdom.

Muslim maritime activities in the Indian Ocean would be most disrupted by which of the following sixteenth-century developments?

b. The arrival of Portuguese and other Europeans

Which of the following best explains a similarity between the earliest English and French voyages across the North Atlantic in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

b. They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.

[Testimony by the creole (European-ancestry) members of a lay religious brotherhood in the town of San Juan Peribán.]
"Cristobál Bernal was elected chair of our brotherhood by a margin of only two votes. Most votes in Bernal's favor came from mulatto and mestizo brothers. However, we, the creole brothers, elected Don Carvajal, a resident of the town and owner of the hacienda and sugar mill there. We urge you to command that only creoles should vote for the positions of chair and deputy chairs and that neither mulattoes nor mestizos can serve in those positions, and that a new election must be held for these positions."
[Response by the mulatto and mestizo brothers]
"Since the brotherhood was founded, it has had the ancient custom of voting for and electing mulattoes and mestizos as deputies. And mestizos and mulattoes make up most of the membership and help the brotherhood grow. And mestizo and mulatto brot

c. Mulatto and mestizo communities had some economic resources, but creoles were still economically dominant.

Which of the following characterized economic systems in Latin America and in Southeast Asia during the sixteenth century?

b. Both incorporated forced labor.

Which of the following best explains an effect of Spanish voyages across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in Europe in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

c. They greatly increased interest in transoceanic travel and trade in other European countries.

Which of the following was a major long-term effect of Vasco da Gama's voyage to India in the late 1490s?

a. It led to the integration of European merchants into the Indian Ocean economy.

All of the following were significant environmental effects of the trade illustrated on the map EXCEPT...

d. air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels

"The Mexican city of Zacatecas is renowned for the enormous quantity of silver that has been extracted from it and continues to be extracted today. At the time of the discovery of the silver, there were many forests and woodlands in this rocky land, all of which have since vanished so that now except for some little wild palms, no other trees remain. Firewood is very expensive in the city because it is brought in carts from a distance of eighteen hours away.
The silver was discovered in the year 1540, in the following way: after the fall of the Aztec Empire, Spanish soldiers remained, spread over the entire country. Since no more towns remained to conquer and since they had so many Indian slaves, they devoted themselves to seeking riches from silver mines. One of these soldiers was Juan de Tolosa, who happened to have an Aztec among his Indian slaves. The Aztec, it is said, seeing his master so anxious to discover

c. He was critical of the motivations of the Spanish conquistadors.

Which of the following was the most important factor in enabling the Spanish to defeat the Aztec Empire?

d. The Spanish were able to form military alliances with other indigenous peoples who were enemies of the Aztecs.

* 1853: 97.5% of the population born in Hawaii
** 1878: 83.6% of the population born in Hawaii

The historical trend represented by the table is most similar to which of the following?

b. The impact of the Columbian Exchange on American populations in the sixteenth century

"In countries where there is a great scarcity of money, all other saleable goods, and even the labor of men, are given for less money than [in countries] where money is abundant. Thus we see by experience that in France (where money is scarcer than in Spain) bread, wine, cloth, and labor, are worth much less. And even in Spain, in [recent] times when money was scarcer than it is now, saleable goods and labor were given for much less."

Navarro's economic observations expressed in the passage above are best understood in the context of which of the following?

b. The influx of silver from the Americas into the Spanish economy

Which of the following aspects of Map 2 can best be used to support the claim that a truly global trading system developed during the period from 1450 to 1750 ?

a. Trade routes extending east and west from Eurasia toward the Americas

Which of the following best exemplifies mercantilism as it was practiced in the Atlantic trading system by 1750 ?

d. The protection of European merchant companies by their respective governments

Which of the following accurately describes the function of the mit’a system in the Inca Empire?

c. To compel Inca subjects to work on various state projects for a fixed term each year

Which of the following changes best justifies the claim that the late 1400s mark the beginning of a new period in world history?

c. The incorporation of the Americas into a broader global network of exchange

What similar view of Doña Marina is portrayed in both images?

d. She is portrayed as an essential part of the negotiations.

Which of the following factors best explains why the Portuguese did not engage in direct trading relations with West African states until the fifteenth century?

a. Lack of the necessary navigational and maritime technology

Which of the following was the most immediate effect of the Portuguese establishment of a school for navigation in the 1400s?

a. The development of overseas trade between West Africa and Europe

Which of the following best explains a similar motivation behind the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Africa and the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Asia?

d. The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.

Which of the following would best support the assertion that hierarchies based on racial classification emerged after 1500 C.E. to maintain the authority of new elite groups in the Americas?

a. The use of terms such as mestizo, mulatto and creole

The success of European powers in penetrating the Asian trading system by 1600 can best be explained by the...

e. opening of rich silver mines in Peru and Mexico

During the period 1450 to 1750, which of the following commodities was most responsible for transforming the global economy?

d. Silver

Inca and Aztec societies were similar in that both...

b. acquired empires by means of military conquest

Some world historians have argued that the growth of European influence in the period 1450—1750 was due in large part to non-European inventions. The history of which of the following technological developments best supports this contention?

a. The compass

In the period 1450—1750, which of the following, produced on large plantations by slave labor, were significant commodities in the growing world market?

d. Cash crops such as sugar and tobacco

Which of the following was a major change in transregional trade patterns from 1500 to 1700 ?

c. Europeans created joint stock companies to engage in overseas trade.