inequality by design quiz 1

Conceptualization

The process of developing clear definitions or meanings for research concepts

Operationalization

The process of transforming clearly defined concepts into empirically observable and measurable variables

Health Inequality

Descriptive, describes health differences between poulation groups, no clear attention to why differences exist

Health Disparity

A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage. Tied to issues of justice and fairness.

Biological Determinism

Human behaviors and characteristics are innate and unaffacted by environmental factors

Social Darwinsim

The theory that principles of evolution, including natural selection, also apply to human social groups and social classes

Eugenics

The study of ‘improving’ the human population by controlling hereditary qualities through reproduction and migration

Social Determinants of Health

The non-medical factors that influence health outcomes

Social Structure

Enduring patterns of social life that shape attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, material, and psychological resources

Upstream intervention

Promote the wellbeing of children, address residential segregation, reduce interpersonal and structural racism

Race

refers to the classification of humans based on phenotype—observable physical differences—which are assumed to reflect inherent biological differences

Racism

A system of race-based power, rooted in notions of inherent racial group superiority and inferiority, and systematically, pervasively, and unjustly privileges.

Polygenism

The theory that different human races were distinct species

Continental Ancestry

An individual’s genetic heritage based on the geographical regions from which they biologically descended

Ethno-racial pentagon

The grouping of people in the U.S. as White, Black, Asian, Latino/Hispanic, and Native American

Pathologization of Race

Viewing and/or characterizing racial groups as physically, psychologically, and medically abnormal

Race Correction

The adjustment of clinical diagnostic equations based on a patient’s race/ethnicity

Fundamental Cause Theory

Fundamental social causes involve access to flexible resources that can be used in different places and times to prevent illness and delay death

Weathering

A stress-related biological process that leaves some social groups vulnerable to dying or suffering chronic disease and disability long before they are chronologically old. It results from repeated activation of the body’s stress response system over a long period

Age-Washing

The view that if individuals take personal responsibility and do everything ‘right,’ then age will be an accurate predictor of susceptibility to disease and death

Allostatis

The adaptive processes that maintain homeostasis through the production of mediators such as adrenalin, cortisol, and other chemical messengers

Allostatic Load

The measurable pyshiological dysregulation due to culumative burden of chronic stress on the body which causes excess secretion of hormones like cortisol

Structural violence

The chronic physical, environmental, material, and biopsychosocial stressors that members of a socially stigmatized and discriminate-against group face in their daily life