2- Plant Chemical Composition, Water, and Macromolecules

Plant Chemical Composition

The elements and compounds that make up plants, including water, minerals, macronutrients, micronutrients, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Macronutrients

Nutrients required by plants in larger quantities, including phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, and silicon.

Micronutrients

Nutrients required by plants in smaller quantities, including nickel, iron, sodium, chlorine, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron, cobalt, manganese, and copper.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, including monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, ribose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose), and polysaccharides (starch, pectin, cellulose).

Lipids

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, including fats, phospholipids, and sterols. They have hydrophilic "head" regions and hydrophobic "tail" regions.

Proteins

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They are made up of amino acids and have various functions, including enzymes, membrane structure, and energy reserves.

Nucleic Acids

Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They are made up of nucleotides and include DNA and RNA, which are responsible for genetic information and protein synthesis.