Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Personality
distinguishing characteristics of an individual that endure
(feelings, motives, behavior)
Freud
argued unconscious influences our behavior and personality formed out of struggle to satisfy urges
3 parts of personality
Id, Superego, and Ego
Id
include pleasure principle
(If it feels good then do it, Little Devil, Behaves like a stereotypical 2-year-old)
Superego
includes moral principle (conscience) (What we can do, Satify urges in a morally acceptable way)
Ego
balances id and superego; reality principle
Defence Mechanism
unconscious tactics employed by the ego to combat anxiety
Different types of Defence Mechanisms
Compensation, Rationliaztion, Identification, Procrastination, Repression, Scapegoat, Intellectualization, Regression, Projection, Displacment, Reaction Formation, Denial, Sublimation.
Compensation
lack skills in one area and make up for that in another area
(not good at school, so you’re good at sports)
Identification
transfer to yourself qualities of someone else
Procrastination
Delay or avoidance
Scapegoat
blame others
Intellectualization
deal with a situation in an unemotional manner
Repression
removes anxiety causing ideas from the conscious to the unconscious
Rationalization
use fo self deception to justify unacceptable behaviors or ideas
Regression
when an individual is under a great deal of stress, they will return to a behavior that is characteristic of an earlier stage of development
Projection
people who project their impulses onto other people
Displacement
the transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening or unsuitable object to a less threatening object
EX. a child who is yelled at, at home may yell at his friends
Reaction Formation
People act on the contrary to their genuine feelings in order to keep their true feelings hidden.
EX. Someone who has a crush on another person may act mean to them.
Denial
a person who refuses to accept the reality of anything that is bad or upsetting
Ex, A person who smokes tobacco might ignore the risks of lung cancer
Sublimation
individuals can channel their basic implies into socially acceptable behavior
EX. A hostile student may channel their anger through contact sports.
Psychosexual Development
conflicts encountered at different stages
influences personality (Freud)
Fixation
permanent personality conflicts
(shows up later in life)
resulting from over/under indulgences of an erogenous zone
5 stages of Fixations
Oral,
Anal,
Phallic,
Latency,
Genital
Oral Stage
pleasure around the mouth
EX. Chewing fingernails, Gum
(Infancy to 18 months)
Anal Stage
bowel or bladder control
EX. Anal retentive, Anal explosive
(toddlerhood)
Phallic Stage
Genitals
EX. Promiscuous, Timid
(Ages 3-6)
Latency Stage
Body satisfaction is less important, Social contacts increase
(Ages 6-12)
Genital Stage
Gender Identity is established, and intimate relationships are established
(Teenage and Adulthood)
Freud’s Impact
recognized the importance of early years many concepts untestable
Erik Erikson and Psychosocial Development
the importance of social relationships
different stages involved crises
Oedipus and Electra Complex
In psychoanalytic theory, the Oedipus Complex refers to a boy's desire for his mother and jealousy towards his father, while the Electra Complex involves a girl's desire for her father and jealousy towards her mother.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
A theory of human motivation that arranges needs in a hierarchy, with basic physiological needs at the base and self-actualization at the top.
Jung and archetypes, collective unconscious
Carl Jung's concept of universal, mythic characters and themes that reside in the collective unconscious of people.
Libido
In psychoanalytic theory, the psychic energy that drives the life instincts and sustains mental processes.
Pleasure Principle
The driving force of the id that seeks immediate gratification of needs and desires.
Reality Principle
The ego's function is to mediate between the demands of the id, superego, and external reality.
Bandura and Observation Learning
Albert Bandura's theory emphasizes the role of observational learning and modeling in behavior.
Adler and Inferiority
Alfred Adler's concept that feelings of inferiority motivate individuals to strive for superiority and success.
Skinner and Reinforcement
B.F. Skinner's theory that behavior is shaped by the consequences of actions, such as reinforcement or punishment.
Sociocultural Theory on Personality Development
The perspective that emphasizes the influence of social and cultural factors on personality development.
Horney and Basic Anxiety
Karen Horney's theory of neurosis stemming from basic anxiety caused by interpersonal relationships.
5 Factor Model of Personality Development
A model that describes personality based on five broad dimensions:
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Four Humors Impact on Personality
The ancient theory that personality traits are influenced by the balance of bodily fluids (humors)
- blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.
Erikson and Psychosocial Development
Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, emphasizes the impact of social experiences across the lifespan.
Introvert
A personality trait characterized by a focus on internal thoughts and feelings rather than external stimuli.
Extrovert
A personality trait characterized by a focus on external stimuli and social interactions.
Type A,B,D Personalities
Personality typologies proposed by Friedman and Rosenman,
Type A being competitive and high-strung,
Type B being relaxed,
Type D being distressed.
Bobo Study
Half of a group of children witnessed adults violently hit a blown-up doll (bobo doll) and the other half of them did not watch. Half of the group that watched the violence was far more likely to act violently toward the Bobo doll than those who did not watch. (suggested that children learn what society deems acceptable behavior by watching and modeling others
