Psychology Chapter 14 Test

Theories of Personality

Personality- distinguishing characteristics of an individual that endure (feelings, motives, behavior)

Psychoanalytic Approach

Freud - argued unconscious influences our behavior and personality formed out of struggle to satisfy urges

3 parts of personality - Id, Superego, and Ego

Id- include pleasure principle (If it feels good then do it, Little Devil, Behaves like a stereotypical 2-year-old)

Superego - includes moral principle (conscience) (What we can do, Satify urges in a morally acceptable way)

Ego - balances id and superego; reality principle

Defence Mechanisms

Defence Mechanism - unconscious tactics employed by the ego to combat anxiety

Different types of Defence Mechanisms - Compensation, Rationliaztion, Identification, Procrastination, Repression, Scapegoat, Intellectualization, Regression, Projection, Displacment, Reaction Formation, Denial, Sublimation.

Compensation - lack skills in one area and make up for that in another area (not good at school, so you’re good at sports)

Identification - transfer to yourself qualities of someone else

Procrastination - Delay or avoidance

Scapegoat - blame others

Intellatualzation - deal with a situation in an unemotional manner

Repression - removes anxiety causing ideas from the conscious to the unconscious

Rationalization - use fo self deception to justify unacceptable behaviors or ideas

Regression - when an individual is under a great deal of stress, they will return to a behavior that is characteristic of an earlier stage of development

Projection - people who project their impulses onto other people

Displacement - the transfer of an idea or impulse from a threatening or unsuitable object to a less threatening object EX. a child who is yelled at, at home may yell at his friends

Reaction Formation -People act on the contrary to their genuine feelings in order to keep their true feelings hidden. EX. Someone who has a crush on another person may act mean to them.

Denial - a person who refuses to accept the reality of anything that is bad or upsetting Ex, A person who smokes tobacco might ignore the risks of lung cancer

Sublimation - individuals can channel their basic implies into socially acceptable behavior Ex a hostile student may channel their anger through contact sports.

Psychosexual Development

Psychosexual Development - conflicts encountered at different stages; influences personality (Freud)

Fixation - permanent personality conflicts (shows up later in life) resulting from over/under indulgences of an erogenous zone

5 stages of Fixations - Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

Oral Stage - pleasure around the mouth EX. Chewing fingernails, Gum (Infancy to 18 months)

Anal Stage - bowel or bladder control EX. Anal retentive, Anal explosive (toddlerhood)

Phalic Stage - Genitals EX. Promiscuous, Timid (Ages 3-6)

Latency Stage - Body satisfaction is less important, Social contacts increase (Ages 6-12)

Genital Stage - Gender Identity is established, and intimate relationships are established (Teenage and Adulthood)

Freud’s Impact - recognized the importance of early years many concepts untestable

Erik Erikson and Psychosocial Development - the importance of social relationships; different stages involved crises

From Quizlet

Oedipus and Electra Complex - In psychoanalytic theory, the Oedipus Complex refers to a boy's desire for his mother and jealousy towards his father, while the Electra Complex involves a girl's desire for her father and jealousy towards her mother.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - A theory of human motivation that arranges needs in a hierarchy, with basic physiological needs at the base and self-actualization at the top.

Jung and archetypes, collective unconscious - Carl Jung's concept of universal, mythic characters and themes that reside in the collective unconscious of people.

Libido - In psychoanalytic theory, the psychic energy that drives the life instincts and sustains mental processes.

Pleasure Principle - The driving force of the id that seeks immediate gratification of needs and desires.

Reality Principle - The ego's function is to mediate between the demands of the id, superego, and external reality.

Bandura and Observation Learning - Albert Bandura's theory emphasizes the role of observational learning and modeling in behavior.

Adler and Inferiority - Alfred Adler's concept that feelings of inferiority motivate individuals to strive for superiority and success.

Skinner and Reinforcement - B.F. Skinner's theory that behavior is shaped by the consequences of actions, such as reinforcement or punishment.

Sociocultural Theory on Personality Development - The perspective that emphasizes the influence of social and cultural factors on personality development.

Horney and Basic Anxiety - Karen Horney's theory of neurosis stemming from basic anxiety caused by interpersonal relationships.

5 Factor Model of Personality Development - A model that describes personality based on five broad dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Four Humors Impact on Personality - The ancient theory that personality traits are influenced by the balance of bodily fluids (humors) - blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile.

Erikson and Psychosocial Development - Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, emphasizing the impact of social experiences across the lifespan.

Introvert - A personality trait characterized by a focus on internal thoughts and feelings rather than external stimuli.

Extrovert - A personality trait characterized by a focus on external stimuli and social interactions.

Type A,B,D Personalities - Personality typologies proposed by Friedman and Rosenman, with Type A being competitive and high-strung, Type B being relaxed, and Type D being distressed.

STILL NEED TO FIND

Self-Actualization -

Rogers's types of self-acts

Bobo Study - Half of a group of children witnessed adults violently hit a blown-up doll (bobo doll) and the other half of them did not watch. Half of the group that watched the violence was far more likely to act violently toward the Bobo doll than those who did not watch. (suggested that children learn what society deems acceptable behavior by watching and modeling others

Identification -

Unconscious Role in Personality Development - ego?pg 397