Chapter 9: Electromagnetic Induction

**Motional EMF**

The simple act of moving a conducting rod in the presence of an external magnetic field creates an electric field within the rod.

**Faraday’s**

Whose discovery found that a current is induced when the magnetic flux passing through the coil or loop of wire changes.

**weber (Wb)**

The SI unit for Magnetic Flux which is equivalent to one Tesla meter-squared.

**Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction**

states that: The magnitude of the emf induced in a circuit is equal to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the circuit.

**Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction**

**Lenz’s Law**

states that: The induced current will always flow in the direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it.

**flux** ( **ϕ** )

tells the amount of something that goes through a surface

**magnetic flux**

depends on the strength of the magnetic field, the surface area through which the field passes, and the angle between the two

**Faraday’s Law of Induction**

says that if the wire is formed in a loop, an electromagnetic force is produced if the magnetic flux changes with time.

A bar magnet is moved as a constant speed through a loop of wire. Figure A shows the bar magnet when it is as a position below the loop of wire and figure B shows the loop of wire after it has passed completely through the loop.

Which of the following best describes the direction or directions of the current induced in the loop when the loop is looked at from above? Note that when looking at the loop from above, the bar magnet will be moving toward the viewer.

**First clockwise, then counterclockwise**

A metal rod of length L is pulled upward with constant velocity v through a uniform magnetic field B that points out of the plane of the page.

 What is the potential difference between points *a* and *b*?

***vBL*****, with point** ***b*** **at the higher potential**

**Shrinking the size of a loop of wire in constant magnetic field**

induces an emf in the wire

An emf will be induced when moving the loop of wire _______________ through the magnetic field.

**perpendicularly**

A conducting rod of length 0.2 m and resistance 10 ohms between its endpoints slides without friction along a U-shaped conductor in a uniform magnetic field B of magnitude 0.5 T perpendicular to the plane of the conductor, as shown in the diagram.

If the rod is moving with velocity **v = 3 m/s** to the left, what is the magnitude and direction of the current induced in the rod?

**Current: 0.03 A** \n **Direction: down**

The most effective airflow is when the loop is completely **_____________.**

**perpendicular**

An induced current can be created three different ways:

1. Changing the area of the loop of wire in a stationary magnetic field
2. Changing the magnetic field strength through a stationary circuit
3. Changing the angle between the magnetic field and the wire loop