European colonialism

Ethiopia and Liberia

Ethiopia and Liberia were the only African countries that managed to maintain independence at the time.

Berlin Conference

Between 1884 and 1885, the Berlin Conference occurred, in which European powers sought to resolve their disputes over African territories, define rights of navigation and trade and avoid conflicts between them.

slave trade

The slave trade was responsible for subtracting part of the local labor force and accentuating this economic and social disorganization.

African

The British formed an almost continuous colonial strip, from north to south, in the eastern part of the ________ continent, encompassing Egypt to the present- day Republic of South Africa.

French colonies

The French colonies were concentrated in western and equatorial parts and included desert, semi- arid landscapes, and dense forests.

Territorial domination

________ to exploit Africa's natural resources has created or accentuated the problems on the continent.

Mediterranean Africa

Although Mediterranean Africa has old relations with Europe, European dominance on the continent began with maritime expansion carried out mainly by Portugal, Germany, France, and England, which marked commercial capitalism, beginning in the 15th century.

The Portuguese launched their efforts to dominate supposed silver mines in Angola

but obtained only low-value minerals at the time, such as coal

Still, in search of wealth, the Portuguese decided to establish and dominate a new route between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans

the Angola-Mozambique route, a territory rich in gold