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What natural feature did early hydraulic civilizations primarily develop around?

Rivers and bodies of water, such as the Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, and Indus-Ganges.

What was a significant consequence of flooding rivers in hydraulic civilizations?

A surplus of renewed land for agriculture.

Which groups of specialized labor emerged due to surplus in early civilizations?

Artisans, soldiers, priests, nobles, and bureaucrats.

How did agriculture developments impact intellectual advancements?

They led to the creation of accounting skills, record keeping, and knowledge about land measurement and geometry.

What were calendars and astronomical observations linked to in early agricultural societies?

The organization of worship and production activities.

What significant transition occurred during the Neolithic Revolution?

A shift from food-gathering to food-producing.

What is sedentarization?

The transition of nomadic groups to living in one place.

Name one example of a Neolithic settlement.

Catal Hoyuk.

What major development marked the end of the Neolithic period?

The development of writing around 3500 BCE.

Where is Ancient Mesopotamia located and what facilitated its agricultural production?

In the Fertile Crescent, facilitated by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.