Religion Midterm

Intertestamental period

The time between the Old and New Testament (approximately 400 years).

Sadducees

A liberal Jewish sect that embraced Greek Hellenization and selectively interpreted the Bible. (pick and choose)

Octavian

The Roman Emperor during Jesus' birth.

Caiaphas

The Jewish high priest during Jesus' public ministry.

Archelaus

Heard The Great's son who ruled over Judea and Samaria.

Zealots

A group opposed to Roman rule, known for refusing to pay taxes and murdering officials.

Herodians

Supporters of Herod the Great, who were opponents of Jesus and collaborated with the Pharisees.

Caesarea

The city where Peter declared Jesus as the Messiah.

Pharisees

A conservative Jewish sect that was waiting for the Messiah and upheld the written Bible.

Herod Antipas

Son of Herod the Great, ruled over Galilee, beheaded John the Baptist, and mocked Jesus during His trial.

Pilate

The governor of Judea during Jesus' trial and crucifixion.

Tacitus

A Roman historian who made important references to Jesus.

Jeroboam and Rehoboam

The first two kings of Israel; Jeroboam ruled the northern kingdom, Rehoboam ruled the southern kingdom before the split.

intertestamental period

 time between the Old Testament and the New Testament

63 BC

Pompey entered and occupied Jerusalem, causing Palestine to lose its independence and come under Roman rule.

Tiberius Caesar

The Roman emperor during the time of Jesus.

Roman occupation in Judea

Characterized by political unrest, Roman rule, and the expectation of a military messiah. - overthrough rome

The ruling kings in Judea during Jesus' life and ministry,

Herod the Great (early) and Herod Antipas   (ministry)

Fortress Masada

Herod's fallout shelter, where Jewish defenders committed suicide after Roman forces built a ramp to enter.

Sanhedrin

The supreme court with 71 members, including priests.

Caiphas

jewish high priest - Jesus crucifixion

roman procurators - rules (2-3)

1. Maintain Law and rder,

2. Oversee Tax collection,

3. Administered Roman justice. (workers for the Roman Empire. 

 synagogue functions

1. gathering place,

2. school,

3. multipurpose 

4-5 BC

Jesus’ birth

Why did the Jewish leaders bring Jesus to Pilate for the trial?

Jewish leaders did not have legal authority to put Jesus to Death.

Josephus

A Jewish historian who wrote about Jesus.

Eyewitness gospel

The gospel of John, written by someone who directly witnessed the events.

Synoptic gospels

Matthew, Mark, and Luke; (NOT John )

Markan priority

The scholarly belief that Mark was the first gospel, which Matthew and Luke used as a primary source.

Galilee

The region where most of Jesus' ministry occurred.

Gospel of John location

Judea and Jerusalem.

Origin of the Gospel of Mark

written in Rome during the 60s-70s.

Mark's source material

Mark likely got his material from Peter.

Dynamic gospel indicator

The word 'immediately’

Intercalation function

A narrative technique involving a story within a story that adds a key understanding. - both with same idea

Luke's audience

Most likely written for Gentiles.

Gospel of John audience

Written for second-generation Christians circa AD 95. (did not have physical contact w Jesus_ )

-Ephesus ( last gospel)

Physical appearance of Jesus views

Traditionally deemed unattractive; Irenaeus described Him as weak and Origen as small and ill-figured.

-the ugliest of the children of men

-Isaiah’s portrait of a suffering servant. 

Tekton meaning

Craftsman or builder, working with wood, stone, or metal.

Jesus' age at public ministry start

30 yrs old (27 AD)

Meaning of Jesus' name

Yeshua, meaning 'Yahweh (the Lord) saves' in Hebrew.

Matthew's genealogy women

Common characteristics include them being non-Jewish and each having ex-husbands.

Evidence against Magi's visit

-They found Jesus in a house, not a stable,

-Jesus may have been up to 2 years old due to Herod's order.

Sadducees

The wealthy Jewish elite sect party

Non-biblical historians mentioning Jesus

Tacitus and Suetonius.

'He emptied himself' meaning

Christ took on human conditions and did not exercise His divine qualities.

Apostle meaning

Those chosen by Jesus to spread the gospel.

Jesus' age when visiting Jerusalem

Jesus was 12 years old when He visited Jerusalem.

Audience for Gospel of John

Written for second-generation Christians.