Essential Physics Constants and Unit Conversions

Flashcards for Essential Physics Constants and Unit Conversions

Speed of Light (c)

The maximum speed at which all energy, matter, and information in the universe can travel; 3.00 x 10^8 m/s

Gravitational Constant (G)

Used in Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation; 6.674 x 10^-11 N m^2/kg^2

Planck's Constant (h)

Used in Quantum mechanics, energy of photons; 6.626 x 10^-34 J s

Elementary Charge (e)

Charge of a proton or electron; 1.602 x 10^-19 C

Avogadro's Number (NA)

Number of particles in a mole; 6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1

Boltzmann Constant (k)

Relates temperature and energy at the particle level; 1.381 x 10^-23 J/K

Universal Gas Constant (R)

Used in the Ideal Gas Law, PV = nRT; 8.314 J/(mol K)

Mass of Electron (me)

9.109 x 10^-31 kg

Mass of Proton (mp)

1.673 x 10^-27 kg

Permittivity of Free Space (ε0)

8.854 x 10^-12 C^2/(N m^2)

Permeability of Free Space (μ0)

4π x 10^-7 N/A^2

Mass of Neutron (mn)

1.675 x 10^-27 kg

Faraday Constant (F)

96,485 C/mol

Stefan-Boltzmann Constant (σ)

5.670 x 10^-8 W/m^2·K^4

Rydberg Constant (R∞)

1.097 x 10^7 m^-1

Magnetic Constant (μ0)

4π x 10^-7 H/m

Electric Constant (ε0)

8.854 x 10^-12 F/m

Coulomb's Constant (k)

8.988 x 10^9 N·m^2/C^2

Atomic Mass Unit (u)

1.6605 x 10^-27 kg

Bohr Radius (a0)

5.2918 x 10^-11 m

Bohr Magneton (μB)

9.274 x 10^-24 J/T

Nuclear Magneton (μN)

5.050 x 10^-27 J/T

Fine-Structure Constant (α)

1/137

Conductance Quantum (G0)

7.748 x 10^-5 S

Planck Length (ℓP)

1.616 x 10^-35 m

Kelvin (K) to Celsius (°C)

T(°C) = T(K) - 273.15

Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K)

T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15

1 calorie (cal)

4.184 joules (J)

1 electronvolt (eV)

1.602 x 10^-19 J

1 inch

2.54 cm

1 mile

1.609 km

1 pound (lb)

0.4536 kg

1 Newton (N)

1 kg·m/s²

1 atmosphere (atm)

101,325 Pa = 760 mmHg

1 horsepower (hp)

746 watts (W)

E = mc^2

Einstein's mass-energy equivalence

F = G (m1 * m2)/r^2

Newton's law of gravitation

E = hf

Energy of a photon

PV = nRT

Ideal gas law

F = qE

Electric force on a charge