Unit 2, Lesson 1: organelles of the cell and their functions

what is a nucleus

The nucleus controls the cells activities and stores DNA

contains three parts

• nucleoplasm — fluid inside the nucleus

• nucleolus — dense structure that makes ribosomes

• nuclear membrane — surrounds the nucleus

what is a rough endoplasmic reticulum

• a rough endoplasmic reticulum contains ribosomes

• synthesizes and transports proteins

what is a soft endoplasmic reticulum

• a soft ER has no ribosomes

• synthesizes and processes lipids (fats)

What is a mitochondrion

a mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”

• produces energy through cellular respiration, by breaking down glucose and oxygen

what is a Golgi complex / body / apparatus 

Modifies, packages and transports proteins and lipids within or out of the cell

what is a ribosome

makes proteins by linking amino acids together using instructions from RNA.

what are centrosomes / centrioles

• centrosomes: the region that contains a pair of centrioles

• centrioles: Important for cell division forming spindle fibres

what are vacuoles

Vacuoles are membrane-bound sacs that store materials like water, nutrients, and waste inside the cell.

what is a cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside a cell that surrounds organelles

What is a cell membrane

surrounds the cell and provides it structure and protection

what are lysosomes

only in animal cells

digests and breaks down waste, damaged organelles and foreign substances

what are chloroplasts

only in plant cells

Captures sunlight to produce glucose through photosynthesis 

what is a cell wall

only in plant cells

The cell wall is a rigid layer outside the cell membrane that provides support and protection to cells.

fill in the blanks : animal cell

1. Nucleus

2. Nuclear Envelope (or Nuclear Membrane)

3. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

4. Cytoplasm (or Cytosol)

5. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

6. Ribosomes (shown as small dots, some free, some on the RER)

7. Cell Membrane (or Plasma Membrane)

8. Cytoplasm (or Cytosol)

9. Centrioles (part of the centrosome, though only one is clearly pointed to)

10. Mitochondrion (Plural: Mitochondria)

11. Lysosome (or Vesicle/Vacuole, given its shape and location)

12. Golgi Apparatus (or Golgi complex/body)

13. Nucleolus