Chem Polyatomic Ions and Formulas

What is the formula to find the energy of a photon when given its frequency?

E = hν, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and ν is frequency.

What constant represents Planck's constant and its value?

Planck's constant, h = 6.626 × 10−34 J s.

What is the relationship between speed of light, wavelength, and frequency?

c = λν, where c is the speed of light, λ is wavelength, and ν is frequency.

Define effective nuclear charge (Z_eff).

Z_eff = # protons – inner core electrons.

The acidity constant (Ka) formula is given by what expression?

Ka = [H^+][A^-] / [HA].

What is the formula for calculating the half-life (t½) of a reaction?

t½ = [0.693 / k] where k is the rate constant.

What is the formula for Coulomb's Law regarding the force of attraction?

The force of attraction is α (charge/distance).

What is the equation for molarity (M)?

M = moles of solute per liter of solution.

State the formula for calculating the final velocity in kinematics.

Final velocity, v = vi + at, where vi is initial velocity and a is acceleration.

What is the equation for Ohm's Law?

V = IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance.

What does the quadratic formula solve for in a quadratic equation?

The quadratic formula is used to find the values of x in ax^2 + bx + c = 0.

What is the discriminant in the quadratic formula and what does it determine?

The discriminant, b^2 - 4ac, determines the nature of the roots of the equation.

How is the total current at a junction calculated according to Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)?

The total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving the junction.

- **Ammonium → NH₄⁺**

nh4+

- **Hydroxide → OH⁻**

Oh-

- **Nitrate

NO3-

- **Nitrite

NO₂⁻**

- **Sulfate

SO₄²-

- **Sulfite → SO₃²⁻**

SO₃²⁻

- **Carbonate

CO₃²⁻

- **Hydrogen carbonate (Bicarbonate)

HCO₃⁻

- **Phosphate → PO₄³⁻**

PO₄³⁻

- **Hydrogen phosphate → HPO₄²⁻**

HPO₄²⁻

- **Dihydrogen phosphate →

h2po4-

- **Acetate

c2h3o2-

- **Perchlorate

clo4-

- **Chlorate →

clo3-

- **Chlorite →

clo2-

- **Hypochlorite →

clo-

- **Permanganate →

mno4-

- **Chromate →

cro4-2

- **Dichromate →

Cr₂O₇²⁻**

- **Cyanide →

CN⁻

- **Thiocyanate → SCN⁻**

SCN

- **Peroxide

o2