HIST010 UCR EXAM 1

Xerxes

1. Son of Darius 1; King of Persia

2. amassed 200k soldiers and 600 triremes

3. Invaded Greece from the North

4. Bad leader, played key role in Greek victory

Battle of Salamis

1. Athens is occupied and destroyed

2. Xerxes decides to attack Greek navy in the Salamis Channel

3. The channel was too narrow for the Persians, GREEK VICTORY

4. Xerxes fleas back to Persia with most of his army

Battle of Platea

1. 70,000 Persian soldiers still left in Greece after Xerxes left

2. GREEK VICTORY

3. Greeks win the Persian War

Battle of Marathon

1. Darius 1 punishes Athens for aiding the revolt against him

2. Sends 20k soldiers to Marathon, Athens

3. Athenian assembly fights back with much smaller army

4. ATHENS WIN; Persians flee back to Persia

The Persian War

1. Series of wars fought between Greek states and Persia

2. Two invasions: first (under Darius 1) --> battle of Marathon=Greek Vic; second (Xerxes): --> battle of Thermopylae=Persian vic, battle of Salamis/Platea= Greek vic

3. GREEKs WIN WAR

Macedonia

1. Powerful Ancient kingdom located in northern part of Greece

2. home of Alexander the Great

Alexander III

1. Alexander "the great"--> King of Macedonia

2. Conducted Military campaigns thru/out Asia and Egypt

3. Created one of the largest empires in history

4. Undefeated in battle, considered one of the greatest commanders

5. Lead his army himself

6. Dies after getting sick from a party

Phillip II

1. Father of Alexander III

2. King of Macedonia/ founder of Argead Dynasty

Zoroastrianism

1. Ancient Iranian religion

2. holy text called The Avesta

3. Founded in Ancient Persia

4. Was one of the most popular religions at the time

5. lost popularity from empires conquering them

Darius I

1. Crushes revolts in Persia and becomes King

2. Conquers central Asia

3. Enters India and conquers northwest

4. Enters Europe and conquers Danube and Greece

5. Persian empire reaches its greatest territorial extent (largest seen in hist)

Cyrus II

1. Ruler of the Persian Empire "king of kings"

2. Unifies Persians

3. Conquers Babylonia, Lydia, Ionia

4. Killed in battle

The Persian Empire

1. Ruled by Cyrus II, Cambyses II, Darius I

2. Babylon fell to Persians

3. largest territory seen yet in history

4. Had efficient messenger system

5. Zoroastrianism

Democracy

1. Athens

2. type of government in which the population is governed by an elected representative

Athens

1. Greek city-state/Polis

2. Democracy

3. Only city to stand after the collapse of Myceneans

4. Aids revolt against Persia, starting the Persian war

5. Wins Persian war

Oligarchy

1. Sparta

2. a small group of people having control of a country

3. Common Polis type

4. only hoplites could vote

Polis

A city-state in ancient Greece.

Hoplite

1. Greek soldier armed with iron armor and weapons

2. Could vote

3. had more political power

Archaic Age

1. Recovery from the long Dark Age

2. 7th --> 6th Century

3. period of political, social, and economic transformations

Phoenicians

1. Influenced the Greek alphabet

2. located on eastern Mediterranean coast

Ramses II

1. Longest reign in Egyptian history

2. wants to restore the Egyptian Empire

3. Faced Hittites in Battle of Qadesh--> concludes in peace treaty

4. Marries Hittite princess for alliance

Indo-Europeans

1. Pastoralist ppl

2. Part of Hittite Empire

Thuthmosis III

6th Pharaoh of Egypt

Took the throne after he came of age and Hatshepsut ruled in his stead.

led 17 successful military campaigns

led the Battle of Megiddo

Chariot

1. Superior military technology used by the Hyskos

2. Helped Hyskos conquer most of upper Egypt

Menes

1. First Egyptian Pharoah

2. Unified upper and lower Egypt

Assyrian Empire

1. Ruled over Persia and Middle East

2. Major Mesopotamian civilization

Hittites

1. Indo-Europeans/Pastoralists

2. Conquers Anatolia and parts of Egyptian Empire

3. After battle of Qadesh, they make an alliance with the Egyptians

4. Destroyed by invasions and goes into a Dark Age

Ahmose I

1. New Kingdom pharaoh who drove out the Hyksos and reunited Egypt

2. Inaugurated the last great period of ancient history

Hammurabi

1. King of Babylonia, Mesopotamia

2. Created the code of Hammurabi

Code of Hammurabi

A collection of 282 strict laws created by Babylonian King, Hammurabi. One of the first (but not THE first) examples of written law in the ancient world.

Khufu

Egyptian pharaoh who built the great pyramid at Giza

Hyskos

1. Semetic ppl from Ancient Egypt

2. no agriculture/settled homes; democratic

3. Conquered lower Egypt with superior military tech (chariots, body armor, stronger swords)

4. spent most of their lives training/fighting

5. Eventually run out of Egypt by Egyptians after they adopted the Hyskos tech.

Hatshepsut

1. first and longest reigning female ruler of Egypt

2. Expanded Trade

3. Wife of Thutmose II

Sargon

1. Leader of Akkadians

2. Established the first empire

Pastoralists

1. Nomads that relied on livestock for food/ No agriculture

2. Democratic but uncivilized

3. Skilled at war / superior military tech (chariots, armor)

4. conquered great civilizations

Sparta

1. Greek city-state known for it's military

2. Oligarchy

3. Often at war with Athens

Darius III

1. Last Achaemid King of Persia

2. Lost empire to Alexander the Great

Cambyses II

1. King of Babylon

2. Succeeded his father, Cyrus II

3. Conquers Egypt and Nubia

4. Dies on the way back to Egypt

Han Dynasty

1. Started by Liu Bang

2. first great dynasty in Chinese history

3. Known as "Golden Age"

4. Powerful Army

Liu Bang

1. First Emperor of Han Dynasty

2. ruled nicely instead of being ruthless

3. Unifies China

4. Built most powerful army

Shih Huang-di

1. First Emperor

2. Conquers all of China

3. Creates 36 new provinces/ roads

4. Standardized writing

5. Built the first Great Wall to keep out pastoralists in the mountains

Asoka

1. Grandson of Chandragupta/ succeeds him

2. Conquers almost all of India

3. Converts to Buddhism

4. Had the greatest empire yet seen in history

Seleucus I

1. King of Seleucid empire

2. Emerged after alexander III death and wanted to be like him (conquer the world)

3. Invades India but loses to Chandragupta

4. Forced to sign a peace treaty and give up land

Mauryan Empire

1. Ruled by Chandragupta Maurya

2. India is divided into 16 major states

3. First great empire in India

Chandragupta Maurya

1. Established the Mauryan EMpire

2. After Alexander III dies, he rises to power and conquers Northern India

3. Had the biggest army yet (500,000)

4. Defeats Seleucid Empire