Spanish 3 final study

Stem-Changing Verbs in the Preterite

IR stem-changing verbs change in the 3rd person singular and plural forms in the preterite tense.

Types of Stem Changes

E to I and O to U changes occur in certain stem-changing verbs in the preterite.

What is the preterite tense rule for -AR and -ER verbs?

There is no stem-change in the preterite tense for -AR and -ER verbs.

Examples of E to I stem changes in the preterite

Pedir changes to pidió (he requested) and pidieron (they requested).

Examples of O to U stem changes in the preterite

Dormir changes to durmió (he slept) and durmieron (they slept).

Present Progressive Tense

Used to describe actions currently in progress, formed with 'estar' + present participle.

What is the verb ending for -AR verbs in the present participle?

-ando (e.g., hablar -> hablando).

What is the verb ending for -ER/-IR verbs in the present participle?

-iendo (e.g., comer -> comiendo).

Irregularities in Present Progressive Tense

Some stem-changing verbs like preferir change to prefiriendo.

Double Pronouns

Combining indirect and direct object pronouns in sentences.

Sequence of Double Pronouns

The indirect object pronoun (I.O.P.) precedes the direct object pronoun (D.O.P.) in sentences.

What happens when both pronouns in Double Pronouns start with 'L'?

The I.O.P. changes to 'Se'.

What does the imperfect tense describe?

Past events that are seen as ongoing or habitual.

Usage of Imperfect Tense

To describe habitual actions, set the scene, describe characteristics, express time, or state age.

Formation of Superlatives

Combine 'el/la' with 'más' (most) or 'menos' (least) followed by the adjective.

What is the absolute superlative formation?

Drop the final vowel of the adjective and add -ísimo/-ísima/-ísimos/-ísimas.

Irregular Superlative Example

Rico becomes riquísimo.

Final Example of Superlatives

Carlos es el más simpático de todos.