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22 Terms
1
Colonialism
A system where a powerful country establishes control over a weaker country or territory, often involving settlement and economic exploitation.
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2
Imperialism
The policy or ideology where a country extends its power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.
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3
Industrialization
The process of developing industries in a country or region on a wide scale, typically involving the use of machinery and manufacturing.
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4
Neocolonialism
The practice of using economic, political, and cultural pressures to control or influence countries, especially former dependencies.
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5
Import Substitution
A developmental strategy where a country produces goods domestically to reduce dependence on foreign imports.
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6
Export-oriented Industrialization
An economic policy that aims to speed up industrialization by exporting goods for which a country has a comparative advantage.
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7
Shared Sovereignty
A concept where multiple political entities share control over certain functions, such as taxation and revenue expense.
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8
Political Institutions
Structures of a political system that create, enforce, and apply laws, policies, and decisions.
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9
Corruption
The abuse of power for personal gain, often leading to systemic inefficiencies and social issues.
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10
Resource Curse
The paradox where countries rich in natural resources experience less economic growth and worse development outcomes compared to countries with fewer resources.
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11
The Inverted U Curve
A theory suggesting that the relationship between income distribution and democratization is shaped like an inverted U, with an optimal level of inequality for political liberalization.
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12
Social Identity Theory
A theory that examines how group membership affects personal identities, particularly in contexts of ethnic and national divisions.
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13
Political Capacity
The ability of political institutions to effectively govern and implement policies.
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14
Rent-seeking
The practice where individuals or groups seek to gain added wealth without any contribution to productivity, often through manipulation of the political environment.
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15
Modernization Theory
The theory that economic development and growth lead to democratic governance and greater social equality.
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16
Ethnic Inequality
Disparities and unequal access to resources or opportunities based on ethnic group affiliations.
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17
Judicial Independence
The principle that the judiciary should be independent from other branches of government and have the authority to interpret laws without influence.
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18
Structural Explanations for Success
The identification of underlying economic and political structures that contribute to a country’s growth and success.
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19
State Capacity
The ability of the state to administer its resources and implement policies and laws effectively.
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20
Political Regime
The form of government and its underlying principles, which shape the political life of a nation.
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21
Economic Growth
An increase in the production of goods and services in an economy over a period of time, typically measured by GDP.
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22
Political Infrastructure
The underlying framework of political institutions that supports governance and the exercise of political authority.
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