ASD/ADHD

ASD may be apparent ____/______ _____ _______

weeks/months after birth

ASD is (gender)

80% male

50% of those with ASD have an IQ of...

less than 85

300% increase in ASD diagnosis in last 25 years due to

- increased identification, awareness; broadened diagnostic criteria
- diagnoses of mental retardation and autism can now be given
- Asperger’s under autism category
- autism under individuals with disabilities act--> give children w/disabilites more services

diagnostic criteria for ASD

*3 domains MUST be present
- Social deficits/impairments
*lack of nonverbal behavior
* lack of relationships, social/emotional reciprocity
* difficulty sharing joy w/others
__________________________________________________________________
- impairment in communication
*lack of language, adequate speech, conversation
*repetative use of language, echolalia
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-repetative behaviors, interests, activities
*preoccupation with specific objects "maintaining sameness"
*inflexible adherence to routines or rituals
* repetative movements/self stimulation (self injurious) (rocking, tip toe, moving hands in front of eyes, hand biting, hair pulling)

savant syndrome

learned/clever abilities seen in children w/ ASD
- theory--> cognitive resources not going to social aspect but going to other skills

causal factors of ASD (bio)

- heritability explains 90% of the disorder
- accelerated head growth (brain not properly pruning early on)
- abnormal amygdala and cerebellum
- under activation in anterior cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus (help integrate emotional tone of conversation + facial expression)
- advanced maternal and paternal age--> de novo mutations
- metabolize environmental toxins differently

treating autism, components of effective programs

- improve reciprocal social interaction
- develop communication skills through imitation
- reinforce (operant conditioning) behavioral improvement
- social skills training

ex: early Denver start model --> 20 hours/week with many therapists

ADHD is ____ more common in ____

2x
males

______ of people have ADHD diagnosis as adults

30-50%

comorbid issues assoc w/ ADHD?

-mood/
-anxiety/
-conduct/
-learning problems/
-substance abuse common
-Poor/disrupted peer relationships

DSM-5 ADHD (inattentive subtype)

- 6+ symptoms for 6 months
-difficulty with detail, "careless" mistakes
- does not listen when spoken to directly
- does not follow through with chores, schoolwork
- forgetful, difficulty organizing tasks
- avoids activities requiring sustained mental effort
- easily distracted
*combined subtype possible
__________________________________________________________________
- symtoms must present before age 12
- symptoms must be showing in two+ settings (work, school, etc)
- symptoms must interfere with social, academic, occupational functioning
- symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder

DSM-5 ADHD (hyperactive/impulsive subtype)

- 6+ symptoms for 6 months
- fidgeting, squirming, wondering
- excessing running, talking, climbing, "motor"
- difficulty engaging in activities quietly
- interrupts, can't wait turn
- blurts out answers
*combined subtype possible
__________________________________________________________________
- symtoms must present before age 12
- symptoms must be showing in two+ settings (work, school, etc)
- symptoms must interfere with social, academic, occupational functioning
- symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder

adhd

inattention and/or hyperactivity/ impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development

for a diagnosis of ADHD hyperactive and impulsive symptoms must be present before age ___

12

in order to have ADHD diagnosis

- symtoms must present before age 12
- symptoms must be showing in two+ settings (work, school, etc)
- symptoms must interfere with social, academic, occupational functioning
- symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder

treat ADHD

-stimulant medications --> decrease overactivity and distractibility , increases alertness-->
adderall, ritalin, pemoline(serious side effects)
- non stimulant medication--> strattera
- learn organizational, planning, and skills for decreasing distractibility

causal factors of ADHD

- genetic
- prenatal alcohol/nicotine exposure
- smaller total brain volume, brains mature 3 years more slowly (prominent in prefrontal brain regions involved in attention and impulsiveness)

stimulant meds for ADHD

adderall, ritalin, pemoline(serious side effects)

non stimulant meds for ADHD

strattera