Geography

BOLTSS

A mnemonic for map features: Border, Orientation, Legend, Title, Scale, Source.

16-Point Compass

Includes cardinal and intercardinal directions such as North, South-East, and North-West, providing greater precision in directions.

Cardinal Directions

Main directions include North (N), East (E), South (S), and West (W).

Intercardinal Directions

Directions that fall between each cardinal point, such as North-East (NE) and South-West (SW).

Bearing

An angle measured clockwise from north, providing precise direction.

Area References (AR)

A four-digit number representing a whole square on a map, e.g., AR3854.

Grid References (GR)

A six-digit number that specifies a location on a map, including the same first four digits as AR.

Eastings

Numbers displayed at the bottom of a grid that indicate how far east one is on a map.

Northings

Numbers displayed at the side of a grid indicating how far north one is on a map.

Longitude

The angular measurement east or west of the Prime Meridian.

Latitude

The angular measurement north or south of the Equator.

Scale (Map)

A tool used to shrink real-world distances so they can fit onto a map, with types including written, linear, and ratio scales.

Large-Scale Maps

Show small areas in great detail, e.g., a map of a city.

Small-Scale Maps

Show large areas with very little detail, e.g., a map of a country.

Sustainability

The capacity of Earth to maintain life, emphasizing the management of resources for future generations.

Change (Geographical Concept)

Refers to the ongoing transformations on Earth caused by natural forces and human activities.

Interconnection

The concept indicating that no place or thing exists in isolation; all systems are connected.

Environment

The various natural (physical) and built (human) features that make up our world.

Geographical Inquiry

An investigation aimed at exploring events, issues, or challenges to improve understanding of the world.

Primary Data

Information collected first-hand for a specific inquiry.

Secondary Data

Information collected by others that supports a geographical inquiry.