* Statutory Duty (Road Traffic Act 1988)
* Contractual Duty (R v Pitwood)
* Duty because of a relationship (R v Gibbins & Proctor)
* Duty taken on voluntarily (R v Stone & Dobinson)
* Duty through a public position (R v Dytham)
* Duty where D has caused a dangerous situation and has failed to remedy it (R v Miller)
* Duty of Doctors (Airedale NHS Trust v Bland)