Chapter 1 - Elements and the Periodic Table

Flashcards for VCE Chemistry Unit 1 AOS 1 lecture notes.

An is a pure substance containing only a single type of atom.

Pure substance containing only a single type of atom.

The is the smallest unit of matter used in VCE chemistry.

Smallest unit of matter used in VCE chemistry.

The is the region at the center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.

Region at the center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons.

A is a positively charged particle inside the nucleus of an atom.

Positively charged particle inside the nucleus of an atom.

A is a neutral particle inside the nucleus of an atom.

Neutral particle inside the nucleus of an atom.

An is a negatively charged particle that exists outside the nucleus of an atom.

Negatively charged particle that exists outside the nucleus of an atom.

are particles that exist inside the atom.

Particles that exist inside the atom.

The represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

A is an abbreviation used to represent a chemical element.

An abbreviation used to represent a chemical element.

The is a table of chemical elements in which elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

Table of chemical elements in which elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

A is formed when two or more atoms bond by sharing electrons.

When two or more atoms bond by sharing electrons.

A is formed when two or more atoms of different elements are bonded together.

Two or more atoms of different elements bonded together.

An is an atom that has lost or gained electrons to become a charged particle.

An atom that has lost or gained electrons to become a charged particle.

is the mass of an atom, approximately equal to the average sum of protons and neutrons.

Mass of an atom, approximately equal to the average sum of protons and neutrons.

are variants of an element which have the same atomic number but a different number of neutrons in their nuclei.

Variants of an element which have the same atomic number but a different number of neutrons in their nuclei.

are the rows in the periodic table.

Rows in the periodic table.

are columns in the periodic table.

Columns in the periodic table.

are the elements in Group 18.

Elements in Group 18.

are the type of elements found toward the left-hand side of the periodic table.

Type of elements found toward the left-hand side of the periodic table.

are the type of elements found toward the right-hand side of the periodic table.

Type of elements found toward the right-hand side of the periodic table.

is the arrangement of electrons in shells and/or subshells.

Arrangement of electrons in shells and/or subshells.

are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

The is the outermost energy shell where valence electrons are found.

Outermost energy shell where valence electrons are found.

are orbits containing different levels of energy, around the nucleus.

Orbits containing different levels of energy, around the nucleus.

is the summary of the number of electrons per shell every level in the format a, b, c, d.

Summary of the number of electrons per shell every level in the format a, b, c, d.

is when electrons are at their lowest possible energy level.

When electrons are at their lowest possible energy level.

are the assortment of elements into discrete categories based on which subshell their valence electrons are found in.

Assortment of elements into discrete categories based on which subshell their valence electrons are found in.

The includes groups 1 and 2.

Groups 1 and 2.

Groups 13 to 18 form the .

Groups 13 to 18.

consist of groups 3 to 12.

Groups 3 to 12.

The include the Lanthanoids (atomic number 57 – 71) and actinoids (atomic number 89 – 103).

Lanthanoids (atomic number 57 – 71) and actinoids (atomic number 89 – 103).

are regions with the highest probability of finding electrons.

Regions with the highest probability of finding electrons.

The states that an orbital can’t hold more than 2 electrons.

Rule that states an orbital can’t hold more than 2 electrons.

is the order of filling of sub-shells including s,p,d,f.

Order of filling of sub-shells including s,p,d,f.

The states that subshells are filled by electrons from the lowest to the highest energy level.

Rule that states that subshells are filled by electrons from the lowest to the highest energy level.

is the number of protons in the nucleus minus the number of inner-shell electrons.

The number of protons in the nucleus minus the number of inner-shell electrons.

is the distance from the centre of an atom to the valence electrons.

The distance from the centre of an atom to the valence electrons.

are the characteristics of elements in a period.

Characteristics of elements in a period.

is the ability of an element to attract shared electrons towards itself.

The ability of an element to attract shared electrons towards itself.

is the energy required to remove the first valence electron from an atom.

The energy required to remove the first valence electron from an atom.

is the degree to which an element is shiny and conducts electricity.

Degree to which an element is shiny and conducts electricity.

is the tendency of an atom to lose or gain electrons.

The tendency of an atom to lose or gain electrons.

are elements that are in short supply and unless recycled, sources could become depleted in 50–100 years.

Elements that are in short supply and unless recycled, sources could become depleted in 50–100 years.

are elements that are located between the transition metals and metalloids on the period table.

Elements that are located between the transition metals and metalloids on the period table.

meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

A operates on a ‘take-make-dispose’ model, making use of resources to produce products that will be discarded after use.

Operates on a ‘take-make-dispose’ model, making use of resources to produce products that will be discarded after use.

A is a continuous cycle that focuses on the optimal use and re-use of resources from the extraction of raw materials through to production of new materials, followed by consumption and re-purposing of unused and waste materials.

A continuous cycle that focuses on the optimal use and re-use of resources from the extraction of raw materials through to production of new materials, followed by consumption and re-purposing of unused and waste materials.