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Electromagnetic Induction
The process where a conductor moving through a magnetic field induces an electromotive force (EMF).
Motional EMF
The induced EMF in a conductor moving through a magnetic field, given by ε=BvL.
Magnetic Flux (Φ)
The total magnetic field moving through an area A at an angle, quantified as magnetic flux.
Faraday’s Law
The induced EMF in a circuit is equal to the negative rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit.
Lenz’s Law
The direction of the induced EMF and current opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it, conserving energy.
Alternating Current (AC)
Current that changes direction periodically, produced by an AC generator through electromagnetic induction.
Root Mean Square (RMS) Values
Measure of equivalent steady DC values in an AC circuit, given by RMS = peak value / √2.
Transformer
Device changing AC voltage levels without altering frequency through electromagnetic induction, consisting of primary and secondary coils.
Diode Bridges
Convert AC to DC; half-wave rectification uses one diode, while full-wave rectification uses a bridge rectifier.
Capacitance (C)
The ability of a system to store charge per unit voltage, defined as C=q/V, with the unit farad (F).
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