Unit Conversions

Temperature

Measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, in degrees Celsius (°C), Kelvin (K), or Fahrenheit (°F).

Power

Rate of work done or energy transferred, in watts (W) or horsepower (hp).

Energy

Capacity to do work or produce heat; measured in joules (J), BTU, or kWh.

Water density

Mass of water per unit volume, typically 1 g/cm³ at room temperature.

Specific heat of water

Energy required to raise 1 gram of water by one degree Celsius, approx. 4.18 J/(g°C).

BTU

British thermal unit; heat needed to raise 1 pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.

Calorie (cal)

Energy to raise 1 gram of water by one degree Celsius.

Kilowatt-hour (kWh)

Energy used at one kilowatt (1000 watts) for one hour.

Conversion factor for horsepower (hp) to watts (W)

1 hp ≈ 745.7 watts.

Conversion factor for BTU to Joules

1 BTU ≈ 1055.06 joules.

Conversion factor for specific heat

4.184 J = 1 calorie.

Density of water in pounds per cubic foot

62.4 lbm/ft³.

Temperature conversion from Celsius to Kelvin

T(K) = T(°C) + 273.

Temperature conversion from Fahrenheit to Rankine

T('R) = T('F) + 460.