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Beethoven
A composer who bridged the Classical and Romantic eras of music, influential to later composers.
9th Symphony
A long and complex orchestral work by Beethoven, featuring multiple movements and the famous 'Ode to Joy'.
Allegro in D minor
The first movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony, characterized by a dramatic interpretation of sonata form.
Scherzo
A fast, spirited movement; the second movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony is a Scherzo in D minor.
Adagio
A slow and expressive movement; the third movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony.
Ode to Joy
The choral finale of Beethoven's 9th Symphony, featuring vocal soloists and a choir.
Double Fugue
A complex contrapuntal composition that utilizes two themes; employed in Beethoven's 9th Symphony.
Tonic Resolution
The point in a piece of music where the harmonic tension resolves to the home key; the finale of Beethoven's 9th Symphony ends with tonic resolution.
Romantic Sensibilities
Musical qualities that emphasize emotion and expressiveness, infused by Beethoven into classical conventions.
Structural Innovation
Beethoven's approach to composition, which often blurred traditional distinctions between movements and sections.
Hemiola
A rhythmic feel created by shifting accents, evident in the second movement of Beethoven's 9th Symphony.
Quasi-operatic Passages
Sections of orchestral music in Beethoven's 9th Symphony that are reminiscent of operatic elements.
Dissonant Opening
The initial sound in Beethoven's 9th Symphony, marked by violent and harsh harmonies.
Coda
A concluding section of a piece of music, which in Beethoven's 9th Symphony is complex and extended.
Large Orchestra
Beethoven's use of a bigger orchestral arrangement, including instruments not typically found in classical symphonies.
Motivic Ideas
Distinct musical phrases or themes used throughout a composition; Beethoven often included a variety of these in his works.
Narrative and Drama
Musical characteristics that give a story-like quality to a composition, evident in Beethoven's symphonies.
Conventions
Established norms and practices in music composition; Beethoven expanded on classical conventions.
Recitative
A style of delivery in opera and oratorio where the singer adopts the rhythm and pitch of speech; featured in the finale of Beethoven's 9th Symphony.
Timps
Timpani or kettledrums; used in Beethoven's 9th Symphony with unconventional tuning.
Eroica
Beethoven's Third Symphony, notable for its innovative use of form and structure.
