AP US History Unit 4 Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from Unit 4 of AP US History, focusing on the period of 1800-1848.

Strict Constructionist

Belief that the federal government is only able to do what is explicitly written in the Constitution.

Loose Constructionist

Belief that the federal government has more flexibility with the Constitution and can do more than explicitly written.

Judicial Review

The power of the Supreme Court to be the final interpreter of the Constitution.

Impressment

British ships forcibly capturing American folks and making them serve in the Royal Navy.

Hartford Convention (1814)

Federalists met to discuss ending the War of 1812, with some arguing for New England to secede from the Union.

American System

Henry Clay's plan to unify the American economy through federally funded internal improvements, protective tariffs, and a second national bank.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and the 36°30' line established as the boundary between free and slave territories.

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

Established the Western Hemisphere as a U.S. sphere of influence, perpetually free of European influence.

Market Revolution

The linking of Northern industries with Western and Southern farms, created by advances in agriculture, industry, communication, and transportation.

Cult of Domesticity

The idea that a woman's identity and sense of purpose revolved around childbearing and making her home a haven for her husband.

Panic of 1819

First major recession in US history, resulting from irresponsible banking practices and decreased demand for American exports.

Corrupt Bargain

The name given to the Henry Clay/John Quincy Adams alliance during the election of 1824 because Clay supported Adams and became his Secretary of State

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

A high tariff passed during the Adams administration that was hated by Southerners.

Nullification

The doctrine that states had the power to determine the constitutionality of federal laws.

Force Bill

Gave President Jackson the authority to use federal troops to enforce federal law in South Carolina.

Trail of Tears

The forced removal of the Cherokee from Georgia to a reservation territory west of the Mississippi River.

Transcendentalism

An American philosophy that emphasized the transcendent power and beauty of nature and human perfectibility.

Hudson River School

Artists who painted romanticized landscapes in New York and the Western Territories.

Second Great Awakening

A period of religious revival that emphasized the moral reformation of society.

American Temperance Society (ATS)

Founded in 1826 by businessmen and clergy, aimed for complete abstinence from alcohol.

The Liberator

William Lloyd Garrison's newspaper, advocating for the abolition of slavery through moral persuasion.

Declaration of Sentiments

A document drafted at the Seneca Falls Convention calling for women's equality in education, legal rights, and voting.

Yeoman Farmers

Independent landowners in the South who, even if they owned no slaves, generally believed in the institution of slavery and racial hierarchy.