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IB Chem Organic Nomenclature Terms and their Descriptions
Alcohols
Have a Hydroxy (-OH) attached to a chain.
Ethers
Separates a carbon chain into the parent body and a Methoxy using an Oxygen atom (can look like: -o-CH3).
Aldehydes
Carbon atom with an Oxygen atom and at least 1 Hydrogen atom attached.
Ketones
Carbon atom with an Oxygen atom and always 2 Carbon atoms attached.
Carboxylic Acids
A Carbon atom with an Oxygen Atom and a Hydroxy attached.
Esters
Like Carboxylic Acids, there is a Carbon atom with an Oxygen Atom and a Hydroxy, however the hydrogen in the Hydroxyl is replaced with an organic group (R), which is identified first.
Amines
A Nitrogen atom with 3 Hydrogens that can all be replaced with an Alkyl group. Primary has 1 Alkyl group and 2 Hydrogens, Secondary has 2 Alkyls and 1 Hydrogen, Tertiary has 3 Alkyls. In Primary the NH2 is the substituent group.
Amides
Like Carboxylic Acids, there is a Carbon atom with an Oxygen Atom and a Hydroxy, however the Hydroxyl is replaced with NH2.
Halogens
A Carbon atom that can contain a CFC attached such as Bromine, Fluorine, or Chlorine.
Note 
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