Chapter 16: Respiratory system terms

Nares/ Nostrils

Where air enters the nasal cavity

Nasal septum

Divides the nasal cavity into left and right portions

Septal Cartilage

What makes up the anterior portion of the septum

Vomer

The inferior bony septum

Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

The superior bony septum

Hard palate

The floor of the nasal cavity

The palatine processes of the maxillary bones

Makes up the anterior portion of the hard palate

The horizontal plates of the palatine bones

Makes up the posterior portion of the hard palate

Nasal conchae

Projections adjacent to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Superior and middle nasal conchae

Projections of the ethmoid bone

Paranasal sinuses

Air-filled chambers within the bones surrounding the nasal cavity

Frontal sinuses

Sinuses within the frontal bone

Sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses

Sinuses within the sphenoid and ethmoid bone

Maxillary sinuses

Sinuses within the maxillary bones

Posterior nasal apertures

where the nasal cavity opens into the pharynx

Three divisions of the pharynx

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx

Soft palate

Separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx

Uvula

Flips upward when you swallow to prevent food or liquid from entering the nasal cavity

Auditory tube

allows the air pressure inside the eardrum to be equalized with the pressure outside the eardrum.

Epiglottis

The most superior cartilage of the larynx

Larynx

A short cylinder composed primarily of cartilage and stabilized ligaments and muscles.

Hyoid bone

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Thyroid cartilage

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Laryngeal prominence

The point of fusion in the midline of the thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Provides support for the larynx

Epiglottis

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Vestibular fold/ False vocal cord

Superior fold, cover the true vocals cords and keeps them moist

Vocal folds/True vocal cords

Involved in voice production

glottis

The space between the left and right vocal folds

Hilum

Provides an entry point for the bronchi and exits for blood vessels

Three lobes of the right lung

Superior, middle, and inferior

Two lobes of the left lung

superior and inferior

Cardiac notch

The concavity in the medial surface of the left lung where the heart projects

Visceral pleura

Membranous covering of the lungs

Parietal pleura

Line the inside of the thoracic wall, helps reduce friction experienced by the lungs during respiration

Lobar bronchi

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Segmental bronchi

branches multiple times and gets smaller each time

Bronchioles

When tubes lack cartilage and are less than 1 mm in diameter