unit 1 ap chemistry slideshows

x-ray

x-ray

dislodges electron from air molecules which becomes attached to an oil drop

electron charge

-1.6 * 10^-19

thomson’s charge/mass of electron

-1.76 * 10^8

electron mass

9.10 * 10^-28

rutherford’s experiment design

atoms positive charge is concentrated in nucleus proton is opposite of electron

mass of proton

1.67 * 10^-24

atomic radius

100pm = 1* 10^-10

nuclear radius

5*10^-3 = 5*10^-15

if atom is houston astrodome

nucleus is marble on 50-yard line

molecular formula

actual formula

empirical formula

simplest formula

acid

yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

oxoacids

acid that contains h,o, and another element

base

yields OH- when dissolved in water

hydrates

specific # of water molecules attached to them

formula mass

sum of atomic masses in a formula unit of an iionic compound

thermite reaction

mix of aluminum and ferric oxide

james clerk maxwell

visible light consists of electromagnetic waves

black body problem

solved by Planck in 1900

photoelectric effect

solved by Einstein in 1905, light has both wave and particle nature

bohr’s model of atom

electron can only have specific energy values

light is emitted as electron moves from one energy level to lower energy levels

ePhoton

Ef-Ei

Ef

-Rh(1/n²f)

Ei

-Rh(1/n²i)

rhydberg equation

Rh(1/n²i-1/n²f)

de broglie

reasoned that electron is both particle and wave

laser

light is intense, monoenergetic, and coherent

schrodinger wave equation

described dual nature of the electron

wave function describes

energy of electron with given wave function

probability of finding electron in volume of space

principal quantum number

distance of electron from nucleus

angular momentum number

shape of orbital that electron occupies

magnetic quantum number

orientation of orbital space

shell

electrons with same value of n

subshell

smae vales as n and l

orbital

same values as n,l, and m

electron affinity

negative charge of energy change that occurs when electron is accepted by atom in the gaseous state to form an anion

effective nuclear charge

positive charge felt by electron

Zeff

Z - sigma