The Age of Religious Wars - Condensed

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and concepts related to the Age of Religious Wars, focusing on important figures, events, movements, and treaties that shaped this tumultuous period in European history.

Huguenots

French Protestants who fought against Catholics during the French Wars of Religion.

Calvinism

A major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition developed by John Calvin.

Edict of Nantes

A 1598 decree by Henry IV of France granting religious and civil freedoms to Huguenots.

Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, focusing on reform within the Church.

Politiques

Rulers or intellectuals in the 1500s who advocated for religious tolerance and moderation.

Thirty Years' War

A destructive war from 1618 to 1648 primarily involving Catholic and Protestant states in the Holy Roman Empire.

Treaty of Westphalia

The 1648 agreement that ended the Thirty Years' War and recognized Calvinism alongside Catholicism and Lutheranism.

Spanish Armada

The Spanish fleet defeated by England in 1588, marking the decline of Spanish maritime power.

Baroque Art

An artistic style characterized by dramatic expression, grandeur, and intricate details, often linked to the Catholic Church.

Council of Trent

A series of meetings of Catholic leaders in the mid-1500s to address Protestant Reformation issues and reform the Church.

Catherine de Médicis

Queen of France who attempted to mediate between Catholics and Protestants during the French Wars of Religion.

Massacre of Vassy

An event in 1562 where Duke of Guise's forces attacked Protestant worshippers in France, igniting the French Wars of Religion.

Francis II

King of France from 1559 to 1560, during a time of religious turmoil and conflict between Catholics and Huguenots.

Mary I of England

A Catholic queen known for her severe persecution of Protestants, which resulted in her being nicknamed 'Bloody Mary'.

Elizabeth I

Queen of England who consolidated Protestantism in England and established the Anglican Church.

Protestant Resistance Theory

A doctrine that justifies rebellion against tyrants who persecute Protestants, attributed to thinkers like John Knox and Theodore Beza.