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What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is matter made up of?
Elements
The atom is….
the smallest part of an element
What are atoms made up of?
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Why are atoms neutral?
Because the number of protons (+) are equal to the number of electrons (-)
The elements are arranged by their….
Atomic number which is the number of protons.
The mass number is….
The number of protons and neutrons
What are Valence Electrons
Outer Electrons
Elements are…
Joined together by attractive forces called chemical bonds to form molecules and compounds. Salt, sugar, wood, plastic, water are all examples of compounds.
Some molecules are….
Very small like the water molecule and some molecules are huge extended structures such as plastic.
Models of compounds can…
Be made in different ways
Physical Property
Can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance (Examples appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point, density, solubility.)
Chemical property
Can be observed or measured as a substance changes in identity. (Examples Ability to burn, reactivity)
Know how to calculate the density of an object
Density = mass divided by volume ( D = M/V )
Know how to calculate volume of a rectangular box
V = Length x Width x Height (V=LxWxH)
Know how to calculate the volume of an irregular object using the water displacement method.
Drop the object in a graduated cylinder filled with water and the water will rise. The amount of water rises is equal to the volume of the object in cm³
Properties of a compound are…
Different than the properties of the elements that make up the compound
The properties of elements in the same group of the periodic table are similar because…
the elements in the same group have the same number of outer-valence electrons
Which statement would describe a chemical property of iron?
It rusts
Which of these is an example of a physical property?
The texture of a piece of wood
Which of these is a chemical property of a sheet of paper
Paper is flammable
An unknown material has a mass of 40g and a volume of 5cm³. Based on this information. Would you guess the material to be made of….
Metal
What is the wight of a 50k object on earth?
490 N
The table lists the densities of some common materials at 20C. If a scientist has 10 grams of each material, which material has the greatest volume?
Gasoline - 0.70
Mercury - 13.6
Milk - 1.03
Water - 0.998
Gasoline
Which statement best describes physical properties?
Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
Water in a graduated cylinder measured 250 millimeters. A rock is placed in the graduated cylinder and the water level now reads 375 milliliters. What is the volume of the rock?
125 cm³
An object has a volume of 2cm³ and a mass of 38.6 grams. What is the density of this object?
19.3 g/cm³
What must the density of an object be in order to float in fresh water?
Less than 1 g/cm³
What is the instrument used to measure liquid volumes?
Graduated Cylinder
What unit below is a metric unit for mass?
Grams
What is the volume of a rectangular vox that has a length of 5cm, a width of 2cm, and a height of 3cm?
30 cm³
You weigh less when you go to the moon because..
There is less gravity there.
How are elements organized in the periodic table
By atomic number properties
The properties of the elements in their pure form are the same as the Properties of the compounds that are made of the element.
False
How many valence electrons does the element Beryllium have (atomic #4) have?
2
Which particle in the atom has a negative charge?
Electron
How many outer/valence electrons does the element Iodine have?
7
Which two elements are most likely to have similar physical properties?
Copper and silver
Which statement correctly describes atoms?
Atoms combine to make all of the substances on Earth
Why are atoms neutral
Number of protons are equal ot the number of electrons
The positive particle inside an atom is called the….
Proton
What is the atomic mass of aluminum?
26.98
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does one atom of aluminum have?
13 protons, 13 electrons, 14 neutrons.
What is found inside the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and Neutrons
Which group of elements are the most reactive metals?
Group 1
Which group of elements are the most unreactive of all elements.
Group 18
Put the following in order from the biggest to smallest: proton, element, nucleus, atom, compound.
Compound, element, atom, nucleus, proton
How can a pure element like Carbon exist as two completely different materials like diamond and graphite
The atoms bond to each other in different ways
What is the ratio of elements in Si²O³?
Si : 2 O: 3
Sugar is a compound made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Which statement best describes the properties of sugar?
They are different from the properties of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.
Which of the following shows 4 hydrogens attached to 1 carbon
H
|
H-C-H
|
H
Elements bond in an effort to achieve 18 outer electrons just like the elements in group 18
False
The elements in group 15 tend to
Gain 3 electrons to become more stable
A chemical bond is a physical connection between two atoms
False
What will a calcium atom do when it is bonding with chlorine
Lose 2 electrons
Why do elements in the same group share similar properties
They have the same number of outer electrons
Atoms join together in random ratios to form compounds
True
When atoms gain or loose electrons they become..
Ions
What type of bonding happens between a metal and nonmetal
Ionic
Note
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