social studies foundations: unit one test

What does prehistoric mean?

Before writing

What are hominids?

Creatures that walk upright

What or who was “Lucy”?

The oldest hominid ever found

What does homo habilis mean?

Handy man

What are Homo sapiens?

Wise man, modern humans

What are homo erectus?

Upright man, first to use fire, first to migrate out of Africa

What are nomads?

Moving constantly

What was the Neolithic revolution?

Development of agriculture

Slash and burn farming

Fire is used to clear the land

Paleolithic -

. Old Stone Age

. From 2.5 mil years go to 8000 b.c.

.oldest tools

. Very long period of time

Neolithic -

. New Stone Age

. Neo=new

. Lasted 5000 years

. Polished stone tools

.started to settle in villages

.farming started

The five characteristics of civilization

1. Specialized workers

2. Record keeping

3. Advanced tech

4. Advanced cities

Complex institutions

Cuneiform

The writing system of the summarians

Ziggurat

Religious temple in Sumerian cities

Catal huyuk

One of the villages we know of

Outcome of domestication of animals

Had a ready supply of meat and animal products

Outcome of settlement based on agriculture

Allowed for job specialization to occur

Difference between a city and a village

. City- center of trade for a larger area

Importance of food surpluses

Allowed villages to pursue other jobs other than farming

Reason for a system of ruling in early cities

To keep order, organize the paper

Three examples of record keeping in early civilization

Buisness, transactions, tax collection, passsage of laws

How people solve problems that emerge when living in larger groups

Create new inventions and technology

Environmental situation of Sumer

Unpredictable flood and no rain

Polytheism

Believing in more than one god

Sargon of Akkad

Controlled both northern and southern Mesopotamia - the first empire

First ruler of a united Egypt

Namer

Egypt as a Theocracy

Pharaohs rule as gods.

Egypt’s calendar purpose

To track for planting

Seasonal winds of indias climate

Monsoons

Distinguishing factor of early cities of Indian subcontinent

Build on a grid system

Yu

Tames the floods

Chinease writing

People all over china could read it even if they did not speak the language

Hammurabi

King of Babylon

Indus Valley seals

Used for trade used like stamps for their products

Mandate of Heaven

Ancient chiease politics

4 early river valley civilization

Name Location River(s)

1. Sumer. Southwest Asia. Tigris and euphoris

2. Egypt. Northeast Asia. Nile

3. Harrapan South asia. Indus

4. China. East Asia Yellow, yangtze