bms part whateber

Glaucoma

________ is caused by the buildup of sorbitol and fructose in the eyeball.

Troponin

________ is a calcium binding protein bound to tropomyosin.

Melanoma

________ is cancer in pigment- producing cells.

Hypercapnia

________ affects the binding oxygen to hemoglobin and affects the O2 dissociation curve by shifting to the right.

Kwashiorkor

________ is characterized by a fatty liver because proteins are unavailable to make very low density lipoproteins.

Osteocytes

________ communicate with each other by dendrite projection that passes through the canaliculi.

Colliculospinal tract

________ controls reflexes of head and neck.

Absorbs shock

________ by rapid dehydration and rehydration when load is removed.

Molecular motor kinesin

________ allows for movement along microtubule from cell body to axon terminals.

Peripheral chemoreceptors

________ which respond to increased H+ are located in carotid arteries.

Sweet urine

________ is not a symptom of diabetes insipidus.

DNA ligase

________ is on lagging strand and links Okazaki fragments.

amino acid chain

A(n) ________ with H bonds formed between the peptide bonds is most associated with aquaporin channels.

Bohr effect

________ explains that low pH decreases the affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin in the tissues.

Soap

________ reduces the surface tension of water by disrupting the H bonds.

Motor neuron

________: carry info from brain or spinal cord, regulates activity in muscles or glands.

Transcription factors

________ bind to the TATA box in the promoter sequence to recruit RNA polymerase.

Blisters

________ indicate epidermis and dermis have been affected.

Translation of proteins

________ starts when the small ribosomal subunit binds and beings reading the mRNA.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

________ are in cardiac ganglion and in the sympathetic chain ganglia.

Melanin pigments

________ shield nucleus from UV radiation, this is a chemical barrier.

Oligodendrocytes

________: similar to astrocytes, produce myelin in CNS.

Spatial summation

________: action potentials on several presynaptic neurons arrive at the postsynaptic neuron simultaneously.

Clathrin

________ is receptor mediated endocytosis /invagination.

presynaptic neuron

Neurotransmitter released from ________ and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell to open ion channels.

Potassium

________ has a high intracellular concentration.

synaptic inhibition

In ________, opening Cl channels decreases the membrane resistance to decrease the amplitude and duration of EPSPs.

Countercurrent multiplication

________ occurs in the nephron loop /loop of henle and thus helps establish the medullary osmotic gradient in the filtrate.

Ossification centers

________ in bones are clusters of osteogenic stems cells that become osteoblasts and secrete osteoid which then calcifies.

Glia

supporting cells of the nervous system

Amitotic

Once neurons mature they can never divide again

Trigger zone

site of action potential initiation

Axon terminals

secretory regions

Ependymal cells

supporting cells in CNS

Oligodendrocytes

cells with few branches

Satellite cells

non-myelinating Schwann cell

Ganglia

collection of nerve cell bodies

Bodian classification of neurons

functional naming of neurons

Fast anterograde transport

moves vesicles from cell body toward the terminal

Slow transport

moves cytoskeleton components (actin, tubulin, neurofilaments)

Microtubule structure

microtubules are constructed of polymers of alpha and beta tubulin

Action potential

the electrical mechanism for carrying signals along membranes rapidly and for long distances

Action potential

all or nothing signal that transmits information over long-distances

Excitatory neurotransmitters

acetylcholine, glutamate, serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and peptides (opiate peptides = endorphins)

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

gamma amino butyric acid; GABA and glycine

Summation

total effect that various potentials have altogether

Spatial summation

action potentials on several presynaptic neurons arrive at the postsynaptic neuron simultaneously

Motor neuron

carry info from brain or spinal cord, regulates activity in muscles or glands

Nuclear localization factor

short peptides mediates transport of proteins from cytoplasm to nucleus

RNA polymerase II

responsible for production of mRNA

Glycosylated

enzymatic modification of an organic molecule (protein) by addition of sugar molecule

Intermediate filament

does not play a role in vesicular transport

Amyloidosis

accumulations of insoluble proteins in various parts of the body

Missense mutation

mutated base that codes for a different amino acid

Signal peptide

20 hydrophobic amino acids

Short bones

limited movement, mainly provide support

Chondrocytes

secreted cartilage matrix and becomes embedded

Acromegaly

simply too much growth hormone

E

evolving

Oligodendrocytes

similar to astrocytes, produce myelin in CNS