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analytical chemistry
the study of the composition of substances
biochemistry
the study of the composition and behavior of the substances in living organisms
chemistry
the study of the structure, properties, and composition of substances, and the changes that substance undergo
experiment
a carefully controlled, repeatable procedure for gathering data to test a hypothesis
hypothesis
a proposed explanation for observations
inorganic chemistry
primarily the study of substances that do not contain carbon
observation
information obtained through the senses; observation in science often involves a measurement
organic chemisry
the study of compounds that contain the element carbon
physical chemistry
the study of the theoretical basis of chemical behavior, relying on mathematics and physics
scientific law
a concise statement that summarizes the results of may observations and experiments
scientific method
a method of inquiry involving observation, experiments, hypothesis, and broad explanations called theories
theory
a thoroughly tested model that explains why experiments give certain results
chemical property
the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions and to form new substances
chemical reaction
the changing of substances to other substances by breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products
chemical symbol
a one or two letter representation of an element
compound
a substance that can be separated into simpler substances (elements or other compounds) only by chemical reaction
distillation
a purification process in which a liquid is evaporated and then condensed again to a liquid; used to separate dissolved solids from liquids or liquids from liquids according to boiling point
element
substance that cannot be changed into simpler substances under normal laboratory condidtions
gas
matter that has no definite shape or volume; it adopts the shape and volume of its container
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture that is not uniform in composition; its composition are readily distinguished
homogeneous mixture
a mixture that is completely uniform in composition; its components are not readily distinguished
law of conservation of mass
mass can be neither be created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical or physical process
liquid
a form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume and takes the shape of its container
mass
the amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram
matter
anything that takes up space and has mass
mixture
a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
phase
any part of a system with uniform composition and propertied
physical change
an alternation of a substance that does not affect its chemical compostition
product
a substance formed in a chemical reaction
reactant
a starting substance in a chemical reaction
solid
matter that as a definite shape and volume
substance
a sample of matter having a uniform and definite composition; it can be either an element or a compound
vapor
a substance in the gaseous state that is ordinarily a liquid or solid at room temperature
organic, inorganic, analytical, physical, and biochemistry
What are the 5 areas of chemistry?
applied science
scientific knowledge used in ways to benefit or harm people and/or enviroment
pure science
knowledge used for its own sake
observation, hypothesis, experiment, and theory
What are the steps of the scientific method?
physical methods and distillation
What are examples for methods of separating mixtures?
quantitative and qualitative
What are the two types of measurement?
quantitative data
results in description not numerical form (inference or opinion)
qualitative data
results in definite form, numbers or units (facts)
scientific notation
number is written as the product of two numbers; coefficient and 10 raised to a power
accuracy
measure of how close a measurement comes to actual true value of whatever is measured
precision
measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another, depends on more than one measurement
accepted value
correct value based on reliable references
experimental value
value measured in the lab
accepted value-experimental value
How is error calculated?
significant figures
all digits that are known plus a last digit that is estimated in a measurement
"SI" unit
international system of units, revised version of metric system
density
ration of mass of an object to its volume
density=mass/volume
How do you calculate density?
celcius
the temperature scale on which the freezing point of water is 0Ā°C and boiling point is 100 Ā°C
kelvin
the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273k and boiling point is 373k, 0k is absolute zero
absolute zero
the zero point on the kelvin temperature scale, equivalent to -273.15Ā°C; all molecular motion theoretically stops at this temperature
conversion factor
ratio of equivalent measurements
measurement in numerator=measurement in denominator
What are the two parts of the conversion factor
dimensional analysis
way to analyze and solve problems using units (dimensions) of the measurement
analyze, calculate, and evaluate
What steps should you use to solve word problems?
Note
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