Chemistry Unit 1- COPY

analytical chemistry

the study of the composition of substances

biochemistry

the study of the composition and behavior of the substances in living organisms

chemistry

the study of the structure, properties, and composition of substances, and the changes that substance undergo

experiment

a carefully controlled, repeatable procedure for gathering data to test a hypothesis

hypothesis

a proposed explanation for observations

inorganic chemistry

primarily the study of substances that do not contain carbon

observation

information obtained through the senses; observation in science often involves a measurement

organic chemisry

the study of compounds that contain the element carbon

physical chemistry

the study of the theoretical basis of chemical behavior, relying on mathematics and physics

scientific law

a concise statement that summarizes the results of may observations and experiments

scientific method

a method of inquiry involving observation, experiments, hypothesis, and broad explanations called theories

theory

a thoroughly tested model that explains why experiments give certain results

chemical property

the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions and to form new substances

chemical reaction

the changing of substances to other substances by breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of bonds in products

chemical symbol

a one or two letter representation of an element

compound

a substance that can be separated into simpler substances (elements or other compounds) only by chemical reaction

distillation

a purification process in which a liquid is evaporated and then condensed again to a liquid; used to separate dissolved solids from liquids or liquids from liquids according to boiling point

element

substance that cannot be changed into simpler substances under normal laboratory condidtions

gas

matter that has no definite shape or volume; it adopts the shape and volume of its container

heterogeneous mixture

a mixture that is not uniform in composition; its composition are readily distinguished

homogeneous mixture

a mixture that is completely uniform in composition; its components are not readily distinguished

law of conservation of mass

mass can be neither be created nor destroyed in an ordinary chemical or physical process

liquid

a form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume and takes the shape of its container

mass

the amount of matter that an object contains; the SI base unit of mass is the kilogram

matter

anything that takes up space and has mass

mixture

a physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

phase

any part of a system with uniform composition and propertied

physical change

an alternation of a substance that does not affect its chemical compostition

product

a substance formed in a chemical reaction

reactant

a starting substance in a chemical reaction

solid

matter that as a definite shape and volume

substance

a sample of matter having a uniform and definite composition; it can be either an element or a compound

vapor

a substance in the gaseous state that is ordinarily a liquid or solid at room temperature

organic, inorganic, analytical, physical, and biochemistry

What are the 5 areas of chemistry?

applied science

scientific knowledge used in ways to benefit or harm people and/or enviroment

pure science

knowledge used for its own sake

observation, hypothesis, experiment, and theory

What are the steps of the scientific method?

physical methods and distillation

What are examples for methods of separating mixtures?

quantitative and qualitative

What are the two types of measurement?

quantitative data

results in description not numerical form (inference or opinion)

qualitative data

results in definite form, numbers or units (facts)

scientific notation

number is written as the product of two numbers; coefficient and 10 raised to a power

accuracy

measure of how close a measurement comes to actual true value of whatever is measured

precision

measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another, depends on more than one measurement

accepted value

correct value based on reliable references

experimental value

value measured in the lab

accepted value-experimental value

How is error calculated?

significant figures

all digits that are known plus a last digit that is estimated in a measurement

"SI" unit

international system of units, revised version of metric system

density

ration of mass of an object to its volume

density=mass/volume

How do you calculate density?

celcius

the temperature scale on which the freezing point of water is 0°C and boiling point is 100 °C

kelvin

the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273k and boiling point is 373k, 0k is absolute zero

absolute zero

the zero point on the kelvin temperature scale, equivalent to -273.15°C; all molecular motion theoretically stops at this temperature

conversion factor

ratio of equivalent measurements

measurement in numerator=measurement in denominator

What are the two parts of the conversion factor

dimensional analysis

way to analyze and solve problems using units (dimensions) of the measurement

analyze, calculate, and evaluate

What steps should you use to solve word problems?