PAES Structures

Creep Area

A place for piglets inside the farrowing pen.

Finisher

Swine which are 66 kg and up.

Two-Unit System

Type of swine housing system wherein the sows and piglets remain in the farrowing house until the piglets are weaned. The weanlings are transferred to a growing-finishing house.

2.50 sqm.

Minimum space recommended for adult pigs in groups.

Occupancy

Number of days an animal stays in a pen

Brooder Guard

Materials that are placed around the brooder stoves to prevent the chicks from straying too far away from the heat supply until they learn the source of heat.

Litter

Material used as bedding for animals.

6.25 sqm.

Floor Requirement for 100 heads of broiler that is 4 weeks old

10-12

Width of the pen shall be about to

Provide heat only when necessary

Recommended brooding temperature for chicks beyond 21 days

Dry Doe

Doe without milk

Ewe

A mature female sheep that has already lambed

Shed Type

Type of goat housing wherein animals can move freely in or out of the housing area and into the paddock or feeding area.

1.1 sqm

Minimum space requirement (sq.m) for a 70 kg doe having a slatted floor.

2.0 sqm/animal

Minimum floor space requirement (sq.m/ animal) for a 50 kg lactating ewe.

Slot-litter type

A combination of slotted and litter type flooring wherein slats cover 60% of the total floor area and 40% is covered with litter.

Community nest

It is a large nesting boxes for 3 - 6 layers.

5sqm /100 birds

he minimum space requirement for birds in cages shall be ___

Cemented

Litter material shall be at least 50 mm - 100 mm deep over the _____ floor

900 mm

The floor of a layer house shall be elevated at least _____ mm from the ground and the posts should have a diameter of at least 200 mm.

Heifer

Female between two to three years of age which has not given birth.

4 sq.m

Minimum floor space requirement for shed area of cattle is _____ sq.m/animal.

5 sq.m

Minimum floor space requirement for loafing area of cattle _____ sq.m/animal.

200 Lux

Housing for cattle feedlot shall be provided with lighting intensity of ____ lux.

Earth

If the floor is _____, cattle feedlot shall have a slope of 4 - 7%

Corral

An enclosure for confining and handling livestock.

Working chute

It is a chute leading the cattle from the crowding pen to the holding chute/squeeze.

Loading Chute

It is a chute used to load cattle from working chute or crowding pen to a vehicle.

Holding pen

It is a pen for confining animals from the pasture

1.5 m

Height of perimeter fence for cattle ranch in meters.

Yearling

A one- to two-year-old cattle of either sex

6 sq.m/animal

Minimum floor space requirement for milking and dry cows.

Loose Housing

Type of housing wherein animals are free to move between resting, feeding, and watering areas.

Calf

A young male or female under one year of age.

Cow

A mature female that has already calved.

4 sqm /animal

Minimum space requirement for carabao feedlot in sq.m/animal.

3m

The central alley or the driveway should be elevated and shall have a minimum width of ___ m if vehicles are allowed to enter within the building and it shall have a solid base.

2.5 m

The minimum height of the top of the roof beam shall be _____ m from the floor of the carabao feedlot.

East-West

Carabao feedlot building shall be constructed in a _____ orientation.

walk-through

Type of stalls that allows the animals to proceed directly forward after milking is completed.

Back-out stall

Type of stall where animals must back up to exit the stall.

Milking Parlor

Building or a portion of building where milking occurs but where no animals are housed.

100 m

For sanitation, milking parlor shall be at least ____ m away from manure piles or wastewater pond.

275 m

The minimum distance of the milking parlor shall be 30 m away from lactating barn and the maximum distance shall not exceed to 180 m if the milking frequency is three times a day and ____ m if it is two times a day.

A

Any building or place used for killing of animals where the flesh is intended for human consumption

Detention Pen

It is a separate compartment in the lairage used to confine sick or suspected animals.

Tie-up Type

Pugnacious animals are tied within the pen while awaiting to be slaughtered.

10m

Lairage shall be constructed at least ____ m away from the slaughterhouse.

Downhill

Lairage shall be positioned in the downwind and _____ of the slaughterhouse.

Condemned meat

Meat which is unfit for human consumption as declared by a veterinary inspector after examination

Gut and Tripe

Black and Green Ofal

Singeing

Cleaning the carcass by burning the hair

200 m

The site shall be located far from any building used for human habitation, and from any factory, public road or public place (at least _____ meters) and should be free from dust, odor, smoke, and other contaminants

3 m

Ceilings of slaughterhouse shall be at least ____ m from the floor.

Dressing

Process composed of bleeding, defeathering, eviscerating, and from which the head, shanks, crop, oil gland and other inedible parts are removed

Shackling

Process of restraining birds prior to slitting.

Trench Drain

Trough that collects the waste from a larger area and directs the flow to a drain opening.

Evisceration

Process of removing the internal organs in the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Offal

By-products, organs, glands and tissue other than meat of the food animal.

Backfill

Layer of compacted soil and gravel to support the digester wall.

Methanogens

Anaerobic bacteria that act upon organic materials and in the process, produce biogas.

20-40

Mesophilic temperature range is from _____ °C to _____ °C.

80%

For balloon type digester, _____% of the total digester volume is occupied by the slurry.

Hydrolysis

It is the first stage of the digestion process.

Facultative Lagoons

These are lagoons that can function as aerobic or anaerobic depending on the environment.

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

quantity of oxygen needed to satisfy biochemical oxidation of organic matter in waste sample in 5 days at 20°C.

Lot Runoff

Rainfall containing animal manure.

Fixed Solids

Part of total solids remaining after volatile gases driven off at 600°C.

Volatile Solids

Part of total solids driven off as volatile gases when heated to 600°C

Bulking Agent

Any item used to improve the compost structure and to increase porosity to allow internal air movement.

Composting Amendment

Any item added to the compost mixture that alters the moisture content, C:N ratio, or pH.

Leachate

It shall refer to the liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition, and when water percolate through solid waste undergoing decomposition; contaminated liquid that contains dissolved and suspended materials.

Windrow Composting

It involves the arrangement of compost mix in long, narrow piles or windrows that are periodically turned to maintain aerobic conditions.

4 weeks

Composting time for aerated static pile method is ____ weeks.

Ventilation

Process of exchanging air inside the greenhouse with outside air to control temperature, humidity, oxygen or carbon dioxide levels.

250 km/hr

Framing of greenhouse shall be able to withstand maximum wind gusts of _____ km/hr.

Polyethylene

This roofing sheet provides good protection from rain and has low investment and need less structural components. It shall have a minimum thickness of 130 μm.

Glass

This greenhouse roofing material is best in transmitting light.

150 kph

Covering for greenhouse should be durable as well as economical and should withstand heavy loads like wind gusts of ____ kph.

Asepsis

It is a condition that describes the freedom of plant materials, culture medium, confines of the culture vessel from contaminating microorganisms.

Incubation

Subjecting of cultures to conditions favorable to the growth of the plant tissue.

200 lux

Recommended lighting requirement for growth room of tissue culture laboratory.

Tissue Culture

Growth of protoplasts, cells, tissues, shoot tips, roots, anthers, embryos, flowers and meristems in a laboratory medium.

Culture medium

Any nutrient material prepared for the growth and cultivation plant tissue.

Vapor Barrier

materials used to prevent migration of moisture into a storage area.

Telescopic cartons

Cartons in which the cover is separate and fits snugly over the bottom part.

Cell Pack

It is an individual divisions in a carton formed by fiberboard dividers, each cell to contain one fruit.

Burlap

A coarse cloth made of jute, flax or hemp.

Drip cooler

A storage structure with continuously wetted walls.

Sizes

It is a process of classifying into sizes according to criteria that may or may not be recognized or accepted by the industry.

Grading

It is a process of classifying into groups designated by the person classifying the produce either according to a set of criteria or whatever criteria he may set.

Sorting

It is a process of classifying into groups according to a set of recognized criteria of quality and size, each group bearing an accepted name and size grouping.

Air Change Ratio

It is the ratio of the volume of air that enters a room to the volume of air of the empty room

Primary Processing

A process to ensure adequate protection and safe delivery of a product from the producer to the ultimate consumer.

152 cm × 61 cm

The standard dimension of pallet is

Japanese Method

Stacking method wherein Bagged grains with moisture content of more than 14% are piled in this method.

50000

Recommended number of cavans for warehouse whose dimension is 20 × 60 m

100000

Recommended number of cavans for warehouse whose dimension is 25 × 78 m

Chinese Method

Stacking method wherein Bagged grains with moisture content of less than 14% are piled in this method.

Tarima

Another term for dunnage