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Muzzaffar Baqai

Head of the worker-based Toilers party who, alongside Hussein Makki and Kashani, distanced from the National Front.

Operation PBSUCCESS

CIA operation engineered by Frank Wisner in 1954 that overthrew Guatemalan President Arbenz.

Mahmoud Afshartus

Tehran police chief who was seized and killed by captors.

Eisenhower's reasoning for ousting Mossadegh

Cited fear of collapse in Iran as the main reason.

Donald Wilber

Princeton professor who devised the plan for Operation Ajax.

Norman Darbyshire

British counterpart to Donald Wilber, involved in operations against Mossadegh.

Strategy against Mossadegh

Involved covert manipulation of public opinion and staged attacks to incite unrest against him.

Operation Ajax

The code name for the US and British operation to overthrow Mossadegh.

Bedamn

Intelligence network aimed at subverting and sabotaging communist influence in Iran.

July 19 referendum description

A disastrous parody of democracy according to Kinzer.

Two Firmans

Decrees signed by the Shah dismissing Mossadegh and appointing Zahedi in his place.

Kermit Roosevelt's strategy

Involved bribing key figures and inciting mob violence to destabilize Mossadegh.

Ali Jalili and Farouk Keyvani's ultimatum

Given an option to work for the CIA with a $50,000 payoff or face execution.

Impact of Roosevelt's campaign

Polarized Iran further by associating Mossadegh with anti-monarchy efforts.

Mossadegh's response to mobs

He ordered police not to interfere, allowing mob actions to escalate.

US Ambassador Loy Henderson's request

He asked Mossadegh to complain about harassment of Americans in Iran.

Carnival air of the mob events

Mobs were led by athletic societies and engaged in theatrical behavior.

USSR's inaction during Ajax

Moscow was in turmoil after Stalin's death, leading to a lack of directives.

Song played before Zahedi spoke

The Star Spangled Banner, played mistakenly instead of martial music.

Fatemi's fate

Summarily tried and executed after the coup, labeled a traitor.

Post-coup fate of Anglo-Iranian Oil Company

Eventually became British Petroleum, faced public resistance in re-entering Iran.

Shah's rule after Mossadegh

Became more isolated, dictatorial, and suppressed dissent aggressively.

Ayatollah Khomeini

Opposed Mossadegh as a young mullah, later became Shah's main enemy.

President and Prime Minister endorsing the coup

Eisenhower and Churchill endorsed the plot to overthrow Mossadegh.

Hussein Makki

helped lead the takeover of the Abadan refinery and was at one point considered Mossadegh's heir apparent