Endocrine horomones

Hormones of the Adenohypohysis (anterior pituitary)

thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, prolactin

stimulus for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

a target for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

thyroid

effects of thyroid stimulating hormone

Stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

stimulus of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

gonadotropin releasing hormone

The target of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

ovaries and testes

Effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and stimulates sperm production

stimulus for luteinizing hormone

gonadotropin releasing hormone

target of luteinizing hormone

ovaries and testes

effects of luteinizing hormone

female : triggers ovulation & stimulates ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone

male : stimulates testosterone production

male : testosterone

stimulus for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

corticotropin releasing hormone

Target for Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

adrenal cortex

Effects of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and androgens

stimulus for growth hormone (GH)

growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

target of growth hormone (GH)

liver, muscle, bone, and cartilage

effects of growth hormone (GH)

stimulates body growth and protein synthesis, mobilize fat, and conserve glucose

stimulus for prolactin (PRL)

a decreasing amount of prolactin inhibiting hormone

target for prolactin

mammary glands in the breasts

effects of prolactin

stimulates milk production

hormones of the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

stimulus of oxytocin

nerve impulses from the hypothalamic neurons in repose to uterine/cervical stretch or suckling of an infant

target of oxytocin

uterus and mammary glands

effects of oxytocin

stimulates uterine contraction during birth and stimulates milk ejection in lactating mothers

stimulus of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

nerve impulses from the hypothalamic neurons in repose to increases blood solute concentration or decreased blood volume

target of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

kidneys

effects of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine output and conserving body water

hormone of the thyroid gland

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

stimulus of T3 and T4

thyroid stimulating hormone

target of T3 and T4

most cells of the body

effects of T3 and T4

increases basal metabolic rate and regulates tissue growth/development

hormone of the parathyroid

parathyroid hormone

stimulus of the parathyroid hormone

low calcium levels in blood

target of parathyroid hormone

bones and kidneys

effects of parathyroid hormone

increase blood calcium by stimulating osteoclasts and the kidneys to reabsorb more calcium and to convert vitamin D to calcitroil (required for absorption of calcium in the intestines)

hormones of the pancreas

insulin and glucagon

stimulus of insulin

increase blood glucose levels and parasympathetic nervous system stimulation

target of insulin

most cells of the body

effects of insulin

accelerates the transport of glucose into body cells, promote glycogen, fats, and protein synthesis

stimulus of glucagon

decrees of blood glucose levels and sympathetic nervous system stimulation

target of glucagon

liver and adipose tissue

effects of glucagon

accelerates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, stimulates the conversion of lactic acid into glucose, releases glucose into the blood from the liver

hormones of the gonads (ovaries and testes)

female : estrogen and progesterone

male : testosterone

stimulus of estrogen

LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

target of estrogen

most cells of the body

effects of estrogen

promote the maturation of the female reproductive organs and the development of secondary sex characteristics

stimulus of progesterone

LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

target of progesterone

breast, uterus, brain, central nervous system, cardiovascular system

effects of progesterone

creates a healthy uterine lining to support a fertilized egg, embryo, and fetus

stimulus of testosterone

LH (luteinizing hormone) and FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

target of testosterone

most cells of the body

effects of testosterone

promotes the maturation of the male reproductive organs, the development of secondary sex characteristics, sperm production, and sex drive

hormones of the adrenal cortex

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), gonadocorticoids (androgens)

function of mineralocorticoids

regulate salt and water balance

aldosterone

primary mineralocorticoid

stimulus of aldosterone

angiotensin II and increased potassium in blood

target for aldosterone

kidneys

effects of aldosterone

increase the reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidney tubes and increase secretion of potassium

function of glucocorticoids

used to fight inflammation, auto immune disease, and cancer

cortisol

primary glucocorticoids

stimulus of cortisol

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

target of cortisol

most body cells

effects of cortisol

promote the breakdown of fat/protein, promote stress release, and inhibits immune response

function of gonadocorticoids

sex hormones

androgens

primary gonadocorticoids

stimulus of androgens

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

target of androgens

bone, muscle, integument, and other tissues

effects of androgens

contribute to the development of public/axillary hair and enhance sex drive

hormone of the adrenal medulla

catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

catecholamines

stress response cells

stimulus for epinephrine and norepinephrine

nerve impulses from pre-ganaglionic sympathetic fibers

target for epinephrine and norepinephrine

most body cells

effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine

mimics sympathetic nervous system activation and flight/flight response