BIOL 430 Unit 4 Lab Exam (Nervous System)

cerebellum components (2 structures)

cerebellar cortex
arbor vitae

specific cell in cerebellar cortex (include structural & functional class)

purkinje cell, multipolar & interneuron

ridge of cerebellum

folium

groove of cerebellum

sulcus

specific cell from spinal cord smear (include structural & functional class)

anterior horn cell
multipolar & motorneuron

specific cell from dorsal root ganglion (include structural & functional class)

dorsal root ganglion cell
pseudo unipolar & sensory neuron

ganglion

group of neuronal bodies in PNS

nerve

group of neuronal axons in PNS

tract

group of neuronal axons in CNS

nucleus

group of neuronal cell bodies in CNS

retina slide had what kind of neuron (specific cell, structural & functional class)

bipolar neuron, bipolar neuron & interneuron/special senses

dorsal root of spinal cord contains

sensory neurons

ventral root of spinal cord contains

motor neurons

dorsal root ganglion contains

cell body of dorsal root ganglion cell (pseudo unipolar)

central canal of spinal cord lined with what neuroglia

ependymal cell

grey matter structure on either side of central canal

grey commissure

endoneurium

areolar connective tissue surrounding individual axons (innermost layer)

perineurium

connective tissue surrounding bundle of nerve fibers

epineurium

connective tissue surrounding entire nerve (outermost layer)

type of receptor on pacinian corpuscle

encapsulated receptor

where is the dendrite of sensory neuron in pacinian corpuscle

middle of pacinian corpuscle

what specific cell are in lateral grey horn

autonomic motor neurons (innervates smooth muscles/gland)

what specific cells are in anterior grey horn

anterior grey horn cells innervates skeletal muscle

neurolemma

plasma membrane of Schwann cell

axolemma

plasma membrane of axon

nissl bodies

makes neurotransmitters

Cerebrospinal fluid steps

blood
choroid plexus
lateral ventricles
intraventricular foramen
third ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
central canal or median & lateral apertures
subarachnoid space
arachnoid granulation
blood

telencephalon develops into

cerebrum

diencephalon develops into

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus (pineal gland)

mesencephalon develops into

midbrain

metencephalon develops into

pons & cerebellum

myelencephalon develops into

medulla oblongata

cerebrum

think, learn, perceive information, initiate movement

cerebral cortex

outer 3-5 mm of grey matter in brain

gyrus

ridge of cerebrum
increases surface area of cerebrum

sulcus

groove of cerebrum
increases number of neurons

longitudinal fissure

divides left & right cerebral hemisphere

central sulcus

divides frontal & parietal lobes of cerebrum

precentral gyrus

ridge in front of central sulcus

post-central gyrus

ridge behind central sulcus

lateral sulcus

divides temporal lobe from frontal & parietal lobe

parieto-occipital sulcus

divides parietal & occipital lobes

frontal lobe functional areas (3)

prefrontal cortex, broca's area & primary mother cortex

prefrontal cortex

thinking, decision making, behavior

broca's area

language production (on left hemisphere)

primary motor cortex

initiate motor movement based on homunculus (precentral gyrus)

parietal lobe functional areas (3)

primary somatosensory area, wernicke's area, primary gustatory area

primary somatosensory area

perceives body senses based on homunculus (post-central gyrus)

wernicke's area

language comprehension (left hemisphere)

primary gustatory area

perceives taste

occipital lobe functional areas (2)

primary visual area & visual association area

primary visual area

perceives visual information

visual association area

understanding perceived visual information

temporal lobe functional areas (3)

primary auditory area, auditory association area, primary olfactory area

primary auditory area

sound perception

auditory association area

understanding perceived audio

primary olfactory area

smell perception

amygdala

grey matter nucleus; controls fear & anger

hippocampus

forms short term memory

olfactory bulb

contains neurons for sense of. smell

olfactory tract

axons to transmit sense of smell

fornix

white matter structure; connects smell to memory

limbic system

"emotional brain", smell & memory

limbic system includes

amygdala, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract & fornix

septum pellucidum

thin membrane between lateral ventricles

corpus callosum

white matter (axons) that connect right & left cerebrum

basal ganglia/nuclei

important to movement

putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus & claustrum

initiate & terminate movement

internal capsule, external capsule & extreme capsule

white matter (axons)

thalamus

sensory relay station

intermediate mass

connects 2 thalamic nuclei

hypothalamus

regulates sleep, eating, temperature & circadian rhythm

optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract

axons carrying visual information

anterior commissure & posterior commissure

axons connecting right & left cerebrum

mammillary body

smell reflexes

pineal gland (epiphysis)

produces melatonin

pituitary gland (hypophysis)

produces hormones

cerebral peduncle

white matter; connects brain stem to cerebrum

substantia nigra

grey matter; contains dopaminergic neurons for subconscious movement

corpora quadrigemina

2 superior colliculi + 2 inferior colliculi

superior colliculi

visual reflexes

inferior colliculi

auditory reflex

pons

breathing control centers

middle cerebellar peduncle

white matter connecting brain stem to cerebellum

cerebellum

balance, posture & coordination of smooth movement

vermis

midline structure of cerebellum

arbor vitae

axons of purkinje cell of cerebellum

medulla oblongata

cardiovascular control center

olive

perceive proprioception

falx cerebri

meninges btwn cerebral hemisphere

falx cerebelli

meninges btwn cerebellar hemisphere

tentorium cerebelli

meninges tent over cerebellum (btwn cerebrum & cerebellum)

dura mater

tough outermost meninges

arachnoid mater

mid layer of meninges

pia mater

meninges directly on brain

subarachnoid space

space between arachnoid mater & Pia mater; filled with CSF

dorsal ramus

innervates posterior trunk

ventral ramus

innervates anterior & lateral trunk & limbs

cranial nerve 1
(fxn, brain & skull exit)

olfactory nerve
sense of smell
telencephalon
olfactory foramina

cranial nerve 2
(fxn, brain & skull exit)

optic chiasm
sense of vision
diencephalon
optic foramen