Civics final

What is a civic duty?

Something you are required to do by law, such as jury duty, paying taxes, and obeying laws.

What is a civic responsibility?

Something you should do as a citizen, like voting and staying informed.

What does the term 'melting pot' refer to?

All cultures that combine to form one big culture.

What is meant by the 'salad bowl' analogy?

How everybody remains different while being united.

What concept is John Locke known for?

Limited government and birthrights.

What is Montesquieu's contribution to political philosophy?

Separation of powers.

What do Voltaire's principles advocate for?

Freedom of speech and religion.

What is Jean-Jacques Rousseau known for?

The social contract and equality.

What does confederalism mean?

No federal government; states hold all the power.

What is federalism?

The federal government has the most power.

What was the Great Compromise of 1787?

It established representation between smaller and larger states and created a bicameral legislature.

What rights are guaranteed by the First Amendment?

Five basic rights including press, speech, religion, and more.

What does the free exercise clause refer to?

The right to practice the religion of one's choice.

What does the 10th Amendment state?

Powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states and people.

What is defined by the 14th Amendment?

Citizenship, stating that all people born or naturalized in the US are US citizens.

What did the 24th Amendment accomplish?

It outlawed poll taxes and literacy tests for voting.

What does the 22nd Amendment limit?

The number of terms a president can serve.

What are general elections for?

They are held to elect public office officials such as senators, presidents, and governors.

What is the purpose of primary elections?

For political parties to select candidates to represent them.

What occurs during midterm elections?

They take place in the middle of the president's term, electing the House of Representatives and a third of the Senate.

What does Article One of the US Constitution outline?

The powers and requirements of the legislative branch.

What are delegated powers?

Powers directly given by the federal government based on the Constitution.

What are concurrent powers?

Powers that are shared by both the federal government and state governments.

What are reserve powers?

Powers reserved to the states and people based on the 10th Amendment.

Give examples of delegated powers.

Declaring war, coining money, and maintaining an army and navy.

What are examples of concurrent powers?

Levying taxes, borrowing money, and establishing courts.

What are some reserve powers?

Making public schools, conducting elections, and managing local government processes.

What are the qualifications to be a senator?

Must be 30 years old, a US citizen for 9 years, and reside in the state represented.

What are the qualifications to be a representative?

Must be 25 years old, a US citizen for 7 years, and live in the state represented.

What powers does the Senate have?

Ratifying treaties and holding impeachment trials.

What powers does the House of Representatives hold?

Making budget proposals and raising bills of revenue.

What is the separation of powers?

A principle that prevents senators and representatives from serving in any other civil office.

What does Article Two of the US Constitution outline?

The powers and requirements for the executive branch.

What are the qualifications to be president?

Must be born on US soil, at least 35 years old, and reside in the US for 14 years.

What are economic sanctions?

Measures that can limit trade and transactions.

What can the executive branch do regarding trade?

Pass executive orders to freeze assets and halt trade.

What does Article Three of the US Constitution outline?

The powers and requirements of the judicial branch.

What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

Established judicial review in the Supreme Court, enforcing checks and balances.

What was the significance of Texas v. Johnson?

Protected freedom of speech by ruling that burning the US flag is a form of expression.

What did Brown v. Board of Education achieve?

Declared that segregated schools are unequal, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

What rights were established by Miranda v. Arizona?

Miranda rights, ensuring individuals are informed of their rights upon arrest.

What is judicial activism?

When judges interpret the Constitution beyond its intended meaning to foster change.

What is judicial restraint?

When judges interpret the law closely aligned with the Constitution.

What is a civil trial?

A legal process where a plaintiff initiates a lawsuit against a defendant.

What is a criminal trial?

A legal process where the prosecution proves the defendant's guilt.

What are the possible results of a criminal trial?

Hung jury, guilty verdict, not guilty verdict, or plea bargain.